Correct Answer: B) Insufficient charging infrastructure and high initial costs
Explanation: The passage outlines the lack of adequate charging infrastructure and the high initial cost of electric vehicles as significant challenges.
Passage:
The automotive industry in India is undergoing a significant transformation with the increasing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). This shift is driven by the need to reduce air pollution and dependence on fossil fuels, aligning with global trends towards sustainability and environmental conservation. Electric vehicles offer a promising alternative to traditional petrol and diesel cars due to their lower emissions and reduced environmental impact.
Government initiatives, such as the Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Hybrid and Electric vehicles (FAME) scheme, have been pivotal in promoting the growth of the EV market in India. These policies aim to make electric vehicles more affordable and accessible through subsidies, tax rebates, and investment in charging infrastructure. Additionally, the government has set ambitious targets to boost the number of electric vehicles on the roads, envisioning a significant reduction in carbon emissions and enhancement of energy security.
However, the transition to electric vehicles faces several challenges. One of the main hurdles is the current lack of adequate charging infrastructure, which raises concerns about the practicality of owning an EV in India. Another issue is the high initial cost of electric vehicles, although this is gradually decreasing with advancements in technology and increased production scale.
The adoption of electric vehicles in India is also influenced by increasing consumer awareness about environmental issues. Many Indian consumers are now more willing to invest in sustainable technologies, recognizing the long-term benefits of reduced fuel costs and lower emissions. Furthermore, domestic and international automobile manufacturers are ramping up their efforts to introduce more electric models, which are becoming increasingly competitive with conventional vehicles in terms of performance and features.
Looking ahead, the future of electric vehicles in India appears bright. With continuous improvements in battery technology, more supportive government policies, and growing consumer demand, EVs are set to play a crucial role in transforming India’s transportation landscape. This evolution will not only help India meet its environmental goals but also position the country as a leader in the global electric vehicle revolution.
A) To increase the profitability of the automotive industry
B) To comply with international trade agreements
C) To reduce air pollution and dependence on fossil fuels
D) To decrease the cost of vehicle maintenance
Correct Answer: C) To reduce air pollution and dependence on fossil fuels
Explanation: The passage identifies the reduction of air pollution and dependence on fossil fuels as the primary motivations for adopting electric vehicles in India.
A) Digital India
B) Swachh Bharat Mission
C) FAME scheme
D) Make in India
Correct Answer: C) FAME scheme
Explanation: The passage mentions the Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Hybrid and Electric vehicles (FAME) scheme as a key government initiative promoting the growth of the EV market.
A) High fuel prices and lack of consumer interest
B) Insufficient charging infrastructure and high initial costs
C) Overproduction of vehicles and lack of government support
D) Technological backwardness and low-quality manufacturing
Correct Answer: B) Insufficient charging infrastructure and high initial costs
Explanation: The passage outlines the lack of adequate charging infrastructure and the high initial cost of electric vehicles as significant challenges.
A) Consumers are demanding cheaper vehicles
B) Consumers are hesitant due to technological complexities
C) Consumers are increasingly aware of environmental issues
D) Consumers prefer traditional vehicles for their reliability
Correct Answer: C) Consumers are increasingly aware of environmental issues
Explanation: The passage indicates that consumer awareness about environmental issues is growing, leading to more willingness to invest in sustainable technologies like electric vehicles.
A) Reducing air pollution and global dependence
B) Addressing fuel shortages and higher taxes
C) Promoting tourism and international travel
D) Reducing air pollution and fossil fuel dependence
Correct Answer: D) Reducing air pollution and fossil fuel dependence
Explanation: The passage states that the adoption of EVs is driven by the need to reduce air pollution and dependence on fossil fuels.
A) Through loans and investments in green technology
B) Through investment in charging infrastructure only
C) Through subsidies, tax rebates, and infrastructure
D) Through partnerships and electric vehicle exports
Correct Answer: C) Through subsidies, tax rebates, and infrastructure
Explanation: The government provides subsidies, tax rebates, and investments in charging infrastructure to promote the affordability and accessibility of electric vehicles.
A) By collaborating with the government on tax policies
B) By reducing the production of conventional vehicles
C) By introducing more electric vehicle models
D) By investing in battery production and exporting EVs
Correct Answer: C) By introducing more electric vehicle models
Explanation: The passage mentions that both domestic and international manufacturers are ramping up their efforts to introduce more electric models.
A) Immediate reduction in vehicle prices
B) Long-term savings on fuel costs and lower emissions
C) Access to newer vehicle models every year
D) Enhanced driving skills due to advanced technology
Correct Answer: B) Long-term savings on fuel costs and lower emissions
Explanation: The passage highlights the long-term benefits for consumers, which include savings on fuel costs and reduced emissions.
A) Faster internet connectivity
B) Improvements in battery technology
C) Better audio systems in vehicles
D) More durable vehicle paints
Correct Answer: B) Improvements in battery technology
Explanation: The passage notes that continuous improvements in battery technology are essential for the future growth of the EV market in India.
A) Reduction in carbon emissions
B) Increased water conservation
C) More efficient use of land resources
D) Reduction in noise pollution
Correct Answer: A) Reduction in carbon emissions
Explanation: The passage states that one of the goals of adopting electric vehicles is to significantly reduce carbon emissions, aligning with environmental conservation efforts.
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