A) Viscosity
B) Friction
C) Turbulence
D) Inertia
Correct Answer: A) Viscosity
Explanation: Viscosity is a measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow. It describes the internal friction of a moving fluid. A fluid with large viscosity resists motion because its molecular makeup gives it a lot of internal friction.
A) Bernoulli’s Principle
B) Archimedes’ Principle
C) Pascal’s Principle
D) Newton’s Third Law
Correct Answer: C) Pascal’s Principle
Explanation: Pascal’s Principle, which states that a pressure change at any point in a confined incompressible fluid is transmitted throughout the fluid such that the same change occurs everywhere, is used to operate hydraulic lifts.
A) Oscillating circuit
B) Unidirectional circuit
C) Rectifying circuit
D) Reversing circuit
Correct Answer: B) Unidirectional circuit
Explanation: A unidirectional circuit is a circuit that allows current to flow in only one direction. This is typical of circuits designed to convert AC to DC.
A) Electromagnetic force
B) Strong nuclear force
C) Weak nuclear force
D) Gravitational force
Correct Answer: B) Strong nuclear force
Explanation: The strong nuclear force is responsible for holding the nuclei of atoms together. It is the strongest of the four fundamental forces and acts between protons and neutrons, despite the repulsive electromagnetic force between the positively charged protons.
A) Freezing
B) Melting
C) Vaporization
D) Condensation
Correct Answer: D) Condensation
Explanation: Condensation is the change of the physical state of matter from gas phase into liquid phase, and is the reverse of vaporization.
A) Sound wave
B) Pressure wave
C) Electromagnetic wave
D) Mechanical wave
Correct Answer: C) Electromagnetic wave
Explanation: Electromagnetic waves are created by the vibrations of electric and magnetic fields. These waves travel through the vacuum of space and do not require a medium.
A) Mechanical energy
B) Thermal energy
C) Nuclear energy
D) Chemical energy
Correct Answer: A) Mechanical energy
Explanation: Mechanical energy is the sum of kinetic and potential energy in a system. It is the energy associated with the motion and position of an object.
A) Reflection
B) Refraction
C) Diffraction
D) Dispersion
Correct Answer: D) Dispersion
Explanation: Dispersion is an optical phenomenon in which various wavelengths of light are separated into individual components due to their different degrees of refraction. A common example of dispersion is the splitting of white light into a spectrum of colors by a prism.
A) Diffraction
B) Refraction
C) Interference
D) Polarization
Correct Answer: C) Interference
Explanation: Interference is a phenomenon that occurs when two or more waves overlap and combine to form a new wave. This can happen with any type of wave, including sound, light, and water waves.
A) Surface tension
B) Elasticity
C) Viscosity
D) Compressibility
Correct Answer: C) Viscosity
Explanation: Viscosity is a property of a fluid that describes its resistance to gradual deformation by shear stress or tensile stress. It essentially measures the resistance of the fluid to flow under an applied force.
A) Archimedes’ Principle
B) Pascal’s Principle
C) Bernoulli’s Principle
D) Boyle’s Law
Correct Answer: A) Archimedes’ Principle
Explanation: Archimedes’ Principle states that the buoyant force on a submerged object is equal to the weight of the fluid that the object displaces. This principle explains why ships float and rocks sink.
A) Lift
B) Drag
C) Buoyancy
D) Thrust
Correct Answer: C) Buoyancy
Explanation: Buoyancy is the upward force exerted on an object that is wholly or partly immersed in a fluid. This force reduces the net weight of the object in the fluid.
A) Pitch
B) Loudness
C) Speed
D) Duration
Correct Answer: C) Speed
Explanation: The speed of sound is affected by the density of the medium through which it travels. A denser medium can transmit sound faster than a less dense medium.
A) Tsunami
B) Tidal bore
C) Storm surge
D) Whirlpool
Correct Answer: A) Tsunami
Explanation: A tsunami is caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, typically by seismic activity beneath the ocean floor. This phenomenon leads to the formation of long high sea waves that can be extremely destructive when they reach shore.
A) Reflection
B) Refraction
C) Diffraction
D) Scattering
Correct Answer: A) Reflection
Explanation: Reflection is the process in which a beam of light, sound, or heat waves is deflected off a surface without being absorbed. This process changes the direction of the wave, but not its speed.
A) Lever
B) Pulley
C) Incline plane
D) Wedge
Correct Answer: B) Pulley
Explanation: A pulley consists of a wheel on an axle or shaft that is designed to support movement and change of direction of a taut cable or belt, or transfer of power between the shaft and cable or belt.
A) Hertz
B) Newton
C) Joule
D) Watt
Correct Answer: A) Hertz
Explanation: The hertz (Hz) is the unit of frequency in the International System of Units (SI) and is defined as one cycle per second.
A) Coulomb’s Law
B) Ohm’s Law
C) Faraday’s Law
D) Lenz’s Law
Correct Answer: B) Ohm’s Law
Explanation: Ohm’s Law states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points and inversely proportional to the resistance between them.
A) Photoelectric effect
B) Compton effect
C) Doppler effect
D) Diffraction pattern
Correct Answer: D) Diffraction pattern
Explanation: A diffraction pattern occurs when light passes through narrow slits and interferes, causing a pattern of light and dark bands to be displayed on a screen.
A) Gas
B) Liquid
C) Solid
D) Plasma
Correct Answer: C) Solid
Explanation: Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume due to the fixed positions of their particles in a rigid lattice structure.
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