A) Bernoulli’s Principle
B) Pascal’s Principle
C) Archimedes’ Principle
D) Joule’s Law
Correct Answer: B) Pascal’s Principle
Explanation: Pascal’s Principle, which states that a change in pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted undiminished to every point of the fluid and to the walls of its container, is used in hydraulic systems to multiply force.
A) Friction
B) Inertia
C) Momentum
D) Acceleration
Correct Answer: B) Inertia
Explanation: Inertia is the resistance of any physical object to any change in its state of motion, including changes in speed or direction. It is a fundamental property of all matter.
A) Atomic mass
B) Isotope
C) Neutron number
D) Atomic number
Correct Answer: D) Atomic number
Explanation: The atomic number of an element is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom of that element, and it determines the chemical properties of the element and its place in the periodic table.
A) Sun dog
B) Mirage
C) Rainbow
D) Aurora
Correct Answer: A) Sun dog
Explanation: A sun dog is an atmospheric phenomenon that creates bright spots of light in the sky, often on a luminous ring or halo on either side of the sun.
A) Deposition
B) Condensation
C) Vaporization
D) Sublimation
Correct Answer: D) Sublimation
Explanation: Sublimation is the phase transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas phase without passing through the intermediate liquid phase.
A) Electric motor
B) Transformer
C) Generator
D) Battery
Correct Answer: C) Generator
Explanation: A generator is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy by electromagnetic induction.
A) Reflection
B) Refraction
C) Diffraction
D) Dispersion
Correct Answer: C) Diffraction
Explanation: Diffraction occurs when light waves spread out after passing through a small aperture or across an edge. This phenomenon is often accompanied by interference that alters the intensity and distribution of the light.
A) Doppler Effect
B) Diffraction
C) Refraction
D) Interference
Correct Answer: A) Doppler Effect
Explanation: The Doppler Effect is the change in frequency of a wave in relation to an observer who is moving relative to the source of the wave. It is observed in various phenomena such as the changing pitch of a siren as it passes by an observer.
A) Capacitor
B) Resistor
C) Inductor
D) Transistor
Correct Answer: A) Capacitor
Explanation: A capacitor is a device that stores electrical energy in an electric field and is commonly used in electronic circuits to filter out fluctuations in the power supply.
A) Current
B) Resistance
C) Power
D) Voltage
Correct Answer: D) Voltage
Explanation: Voltage, or electric potential difference, is defined as the work done per unit charge. It measures the potential energy difference per unit charge between two points in an electric field.
A) Gram
B) Liter
C) Mole
D) Pascal
Correct Answer: C) Mole
Explanation: The mole is the unit used to measure the amount of substance in terms of the number of chemical entities present. One mole contains 6.022x 10^23 approximately entities, known as Avogadro’s number.
A) Boiling point
B) Melting point
C) Freezing point
D) Sublimation point
Correct Answer: B) Melting point
Explanation: The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which it changes from solid to liquid at atmospheric pressure.
A) Photoelectric effect
B) Compton scattering
C) Cathode ray emission
D) Thermionic emission
Correct Answer: A) Photoelectric effect
Explanation: The photoelectric effect involves the emission of electrons from a material when it absorbs light. This phenomenon was explained by Albert Einstein and is a crucial evidence of quantum mechanics.
A) Fusion
B) Fission
C) Radioactive decay
D) Alpha decay
Correct Answer: C) Radioactive decay
Explanation: Radioactive decay is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting radiation in the form of particles or electromagnetic waves.
A) Barometer
B) Manometer
C) Thermocouple
D) Mercury thermometer
Correct Answer: D) Mercury thermometer
Explanation: A mercury thermometer measures temperature by the expansion and contraction of mercury in a sealed tube, which correlates to temperature changes.
A) Respiration
B) Photosynthesis
C) Fermentation
D) Metabolism
Correct Answer: B) Photosynthesis
Explanation: Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize nutrients from carbon dioxide and water.
A) Photoelectric effect
B) Piezoelectric effect
C) Thermoelectric effect
D) Electrostatic effect
Correct Answer: B) Piezoelectric effect
Explanation: The piezoelectric effect is the ability of certain materials to generate an electric charge in response to applied mechanical stress.
A) Charles’s Law
B) Boyle’s Law
C) Gay-Lussac’s Law
D) Avogadro’s Law
Correct Answer: C) Gay-Lussac’s Law
Explanation: Gay-Lussac’s Law states that the pressure of a fixed mass of gas held at constant volume is directly proportional to its temperature in kelvins.
A) Gas to liquid to solid
B) Gas to solid to liquid
C) Solid to liquid to gas
D) Liquid to gas to solid
Correct Answer: A) Gas to liquid to solid
Explanation: When water is cooled, it typically transitions from gas (steam) to liquid (water) to solid (ice).
A) Reflection
B) Refraction
C) Interference
D) Diffraction
Correct Answer: C) Interference
Explanation: Interference is a phenomenon in which two waves superpose to form a resultant wave of greater, lower, or the same amplitude. This can occur with any type of wave.
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