Correct Answer: B) Frequency
Explanation: The frequency of a wave is the number of cycles (or oscillations) of the wave that pass a fixed point in one second, measured in hertz (Hz).
A) Doppler Effect
B) Photoelectric Effect
C) Gravitational Lensing
D) Quantum Tunneling
Correct Answer: C) Gravitational Lensing
Explanation: Gravitational lensing is a phenomenon that occurs when a massive object causes a distortion in space-time, which bends the path of light passing near it. This effect is one of the predictions of Albert Einstein’s general theory of relativity.
A) Amplitude
B) Frequency
C) Wavelength
D) Velocity
Correct Answer: B) Frequency
Explanation: The frequency of a wave is the number of cycles (or oscillations) of the wave that pass a fixed point in one second, measured in hertz (Hz).
A) Photon
B) Gluon
C) Electron
D) Meson
Correct Answer: C) Electron
Explanation: Electrons are fermions, a type of particles that follow Fermi-Dirac statistics and are subject to the Pauli exclusion principle, which states that no two fermions can occupy the same quantum state simultaneously.
A) Constant
B) Conversion factor
C) Celsius
D) Speed of light
Correct Answer: D) Speed of light
Explanation: In the equation E=mc², ‘C’ represents the speed of light in a vacuum, which is approximately 299,792,458 meters per second. The equation shows that mass and energy are interchangeable.
A) Radio, Microwave, Infrared, Visible, Ultraviolet, X-rays, Gamma rays
B) Gamma rays, X-rays, Ultraviolet, Visible, Infrared, Microwave, Radio
C) Ultraviolet, X-rays, Gamma rays, Visible, Infrared, Microwave, Radio
D) X-rays, Ultraviolet, Visible, Infrared, Microwave, Radio, Gamma rays
Correct Answer: B) Gamma rays, X-rays, Ultraviolet, Visible, Infrared, Microwave, Radio
Explanation: The electromagnetic spectrum is arranged according to wavelength from shortest to longest, starting with gamma rays and ending with radio waves.
A) 9.8 m/s²
B) 10.8 m/s²
C) 11.8 m/s²
D) 8.8 m/s²
Correct Answer: A) 9.8 m/s²
Explanation: The standard gravitational acceleration on Earth’s surface is approximately 9.8 meters per second squared. This value can vary slightly depending on altitude and geographical location.
A) J.J. Thomson
B) Ernest Rutherford
C) Niels Bohr
D) James Chadwick
Correct Answer: A) J.J. Thomson
Explanation: J.J. Thomson discovered the electron in 1897 through his experiments with cathode rays. His discovery marked the first identification of a subatomic particle.
A) Flat mirror
B) Convex mirror
C) Concave mirror
D) Plane mirror
Correct Answer: C) Concave mirror
Explanation: Concave mirrors are used in solar cookers to focus sunlight at a specific point to generate heat. This is because concave mirrors can converge light rays that hit their surfaces.
A) Archimedes’ Principle
B) Bernoulli’s Principle
C) Pascal’s Law
D) Newton’s Third Law
Correct Answer: B) Bernoulli’s Principle
Explanation: Bernoulli’s Principle, which states that an increase in the velocity of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure, is crucial in explaining the lift force generated by the wings of an airplane.
A) Charles’s Law
B) Boyle’s Law
C) Dalton’s Law
D) Ideal Gas Law
Correct Answer: D) Ideal Gas Law
Explanation: The Ideal Gas Law, represented as PV=nRT, relates the pressure, volume, and temperature of an ideal gas with the amount of gas and the universal gas constant, providing a comprehensive description of gas behavior.
A) Red
B) Green
C) Blue
D) All colors travel at the same speed
Correct Answer: D) All colors travel at the same speed
Explanation: In a vacuum, all colors of light travel at the same speed, which is the speed of light, approximately 299,792 kilometers per second.
A) Convex lens
B) Concave lens
C) Cylindrical lens
D) Bifocal lens
Correct Answer: B) Concave lens
Explanation: Concave lenses are used to correct nearsightedness (myopia) by diverging light rays before they enter the eye, helping to focus the image on the retina.
A) Albert Einstein
B) Werner Heisenberg
C) Max Planck
D) Erwin Schrödinger
Correct Answer: C) Max Planck
Explanation: Max Planck introduced the concept of the quantum of action, which laid the foundation for quantum theory. His work was pivotal in understanding the quantized nature of energy at microscopic scales.
A) Refraction
B) Dispersion
C) Rayleigh Scattering
D) Total Internal Reflection
Correct Answer: C) Rayleigh Scattering
Explanation: Rayleigh Scattering is responsible for the blue appearance of the sky. It occurs because molecules in the atmosphere scatter shorter (blue) wavelengths of light more than longer (red) wavelengths.
A) Archimedes’ Principle
B) Pascal’s Law
C) Bernoulli’s Principle
D) Newton’s Third Law
Correct Answer: B) Pascal’s Law
Explanation: Pascal’s Law, which states that pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted undiminished through the fluid, is the principle that makes hydraulic lifts possible.
A) Wave-particle duality
B) Uncertainty principle
C) Superposition principle
D) Exclusion principle
Correct Answer: A) Wave-particle duality
Explanation: Wave-particle duality is the concept that light and other forms of electromagnetic radiation exhibit both wave-like and particle-like properties.
A) Ampere
B) Coulomb
C) Ohm
D) Volt
Correct Answer: B) Coulomb
Explanation: The unit of electric charge is the coulomb. It measures the quantity of electricity conveyed by a current of one ampere flowing for one second.
A) Charles’s Law
B) Boyle’s Law
C) Gay-Lussac’s Law
D) Avogadro’s Law
Correct Answer: A) Charles’s Law
Explanation: Charles’s Law states that the volume of an ideal gas at constant pressure is directly proportional to its absolute temperature.
A) Direct Current (DC)
B) Alternating Current (AC)
C) Pulsating Current
D) Static Current
Correct Answer: B) Alternating Current (AC)
Explanation: Alternating Current (AC) is the type of electrical current used in households and businesses in most countries. It alternates its direction periodically and is more efficient for transporting energy over long distances.
A) Photoelectric Effect
B) Compton Scattering
C) Cathode Ray Emission
D) Thermionic Emission
Correct Answer: A) Photoelectric Effect
Explanation: The photoelectric effect involves the emission of electrons from a metal surface when light is shone upon it. This phenomenon was explained by Albert Einstein and is a cornerstone of quantum mechanics.
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