Correct Answer: B) Ampere
Explanation: The SI unit of electric current is the ampere, named after André-Marie Ampère, a French physicist. One ampere represents the flow of one coulomb of charge per second.
A) Gravitational Force
B) Electromagnetic Force
C) Weak Nuclear Force
D) Strong Nuclear Force
Correct Answer: D) Strong Nuclear Force
Explanation: The strong nuclear force is the most powerful of the four fundamental forces in nature. It acts between the protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus, holding the nucleus together despite the repulsive electromagnetic force between the positively charged protons.
A) Volt
B) Ampere
C) Ohm
D) Coulomb
Correct Answer: B) Ampere
Explanation: The SI unit of electric current is the ampere, named after André-Marie Ampère, a French physicist. One ampere represents the flow of one coulomb of charge per second.
A) Albert Einstein
B) Galileo Galilei
C) Isaac Newton
D) Niels Bohr
Correct Answer: C) Isaac Newton
Explanation: Sir Isaac Newton formulated the three laws of motion and the law of universal gravitation, which describe the relationship between a body and the forces acting upon it, and the body’s motion in response to those forces.
A) Reflection
B) Refraction
C) Diffraction
D) Dispersion
Correct Answer: D) Dispersion
Explanation: Dispersion is the process in which white light splits into its constituent colors when it passes through a prism. This happens because different colors of light travel at different speeds in a medium, causing them to refract at different angles.
A) Proton
B) Neutron
C) Photon
D) Electron
Correct Answer: C) Photon
Explanation: A photon is the quantum of electromagnetic radiation. It is a massless particle that carries energy proportional to the radiation frequency and travels at the speed of light.
A) Speed
B) Velocity
C) Acceleration
D) Displacement
Correct Answer: C) Acceleration
Explanation: Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity per unit time. It can be caused by changes in speed, direction, or both. It is a vector quantity, having both magnitude and direction.
A) Pascal’s Principle
B) Archimedes’ Principle
C) Bernoulli’s Principle
D) Hooke’s Law
Correct Answer: B) Archimedes’ Principle
Explanation: Archimedes’ Principle states that a body fully or partially submerged in a fluid experiences an upward buoyant force equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces. This principle is fundamental in fluid mechanics.
A) Hertz
B) Newton
C) Joule
D) Pascal
Correct Answer: A) Hertz
Explanation: The unit of frequency is the hertz (Hz), which is equal to one cycle per second. It is used to measure the frequency of periodic phenomena such as sound waves and electromagnetic waves.
A) Oxygen
B) Hydrogen
C) Carbon
D) Helium
Correct Answer: B) Hydrogen
Explanation: Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, making up about 75% of its elemental mass. It is the primary building block of stars and a key component of water and organic compounds.
A) Kirchhoff’s Law
B) Faraday’s Law
C) Lenz’s Law
D) Ohm’s Law
Correct Answer: D) Ohm’s Law
Explanation: Ohm’s Law states that the current (I) flowing through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage (V) across the two points and inversely proportional to the resistance (R) of the conductor. It is mathematically expressed as V = IR.
A) Electromagnetic Wave
B) Sound Wave
C) Gravitational Wave
D) Light Wave
Correct Answer: B) Sound Wave
Explanation: Sound waves are mechanical waves that require a medium (solid, liquid, or gas) to propagate. They travel through the medium by causing the particles to vibrate. In contrast, electromagnetic waves do not require a medium and can travel through a vacuum.
A) 3 x 10^6 m/s
B) 3 x 10^7 m/s
C) 3 x 10^8 m/s
D) 3 x 10^9 m/s
Correct Answer: C) 3 x 10^8 m/s
Explanation: The speed of light in a vacuum is approximately 3 x 10^8 meters per second (m/s). It is a fundamental constant in physics and is denoted by the symbol ‘c’.
A) Red Shift
B) Blue Shift
C) Doppler Effect
D) Polarization
Correct Answer: A) Red Shift
Explanation: Red shift occurs when an object, such as a star or galaxy, moves away from an observer, causing the light it emits to stretch into longer wavelengths, which appear redder. This phenomenon is explained by the Doppler effect and is used to measure the speed and direction of astronomical objects.
A) Niels Bohr
B) Isaac Newton
C) Albert Einstein
D) Galileo Galilei
Correct Answer: C) Albert Einstein
Explanation: Albert Einstein is famous for his theory of relativity, which includes the special theory of relativity and the general theory of relativity. These theories revolutionized our understanding of space, time, and gravity.
A) Atom
B) Molecule
C) Electron
D) Nucleus
Correct Answer: A) Atom
Explanation: An atom is the smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element. It consists of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in various energy levels.
A) Pascal’s Principle
B) Archimedes’ Principle
C) Hooke’s Law
D) Bernoulli’s Principle
Correct Answer: D) Bernoulli’s Principle
Explanation: Bernoulli’s Principle states that in a fluid flow, an increase in the velocity of the fluid results in a decrease in pressure. This principle is used to explain the lift force on airplane wings and the behavior of various fluid systems.
A) Reflection
B) Refraction
C) Diffraction
D) Interference
Correct Answer: C) Diffraction
Explanation: Diffraction is the bending of waves around obstacles or through openings. It occurs with all types of waves, including sound, light, and water waves, and is more pronounced when the size of the obstacle or opening is comparable to the wavelength of the waves.
A) Joule
B) Newton
C) Watt
D) Pascal
Correct Answer: A) Joule
Explanation: The unit of work in the SI system is the joule (J). Work is defined as the transfer of energy when a force is applied to an object, causing it to move. One joule is equal to one newton-meter.
A) Velocity
B) Force
C) Displacement
D) Speed
Correct Answer: D) Speed
Explanation: Speed is a scalar quantity that refers to how fast an object is moving. It is the magnitude of the velocity vector and does not include direction, unlike velocity, which is a vector quantity.
A) Polarization
B) Interference
C) Reflection
D) Electromagnetic Radiation
Correct Answer: D) Electromagnetic Radiation
Explanation: Electromagnetic radiation consists of waves of electric and magnetic fields that propagate through space. Unlike mechanical waves, they do not require a medium and can travel through a vacuum at the speed of light. This property allows light from the sun to reach Earth.
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