A) Karl Benz
B) Henry Ford
C) Gottlieb Daimler
D) Ferdinand Porsche
Correct Answer: A) Karl Benz
Explanation: Karl Benz invented the first practical automobile, the Benz Patent-Motorwagen, in 1885. It was powered by an internal combustion engine and is considered the first true car.
A) Galileo Galilei
B) Johannes Kepler
C) Isaac Newton
D) Albert Einstein
Correct Answer: C) Isaac Newton
Explanation: Isaac Newton formulated the law of universal gravitation in 1687, stating that every mass attracts every other mass with a force proportional to their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.
A) Galileo Galilei
B) Johann Galle
C) William Herschel
D) Clyde Tombaugh
Correct Answer: B) Johann Galle
Explanation: Johann Galle discovered Neptune on September 23, 1846, based on predictions made by Urbain Le Verrier. This discovery confirmed the accuracy of Newtonian mechanics.
A) Albert Einstein
B) Charles Fritts
C) Bell Laboratories
D) Thomas Edison
Correct Answer: C) Bell Laboratories
Explanation: Bell Laboratories developed the first practical photovoltaic cell in 1954, which could convert sunlight into electricity with an efficiency of around 6%.
A) Charles Darwin
B) Francis Crick
C) James Watson
D) Gregor Mendel
Correct Answer: D) Gregor Mendel
Explanation: Gregor Mendel, an Austrian monk, is known as the “Father of Modern Genetics” for his pioneering work on the inheritance of traits in pea plants, establishing the fundamental laws of heredity.
A) Michael DeBakey
B) Robert Jarvik
C) Barney Clark
D) Christiaan Barnard
Correct Answer: C) Barney Clark
Explanation: Barney Clark was the first person to receive a permanent artificial heart, the Jarvik-7, on December 2, 1982, marking a significant advancement in medical technology.
A) Elias Howe
B) Isaac Singer
C) Thomas Saint
D) Walter Hunt
Correct Answer: A) Elias Howe
Explanation: Elias Howe invented the first practical sewing machine in 1846, which significantly improved the efficiency and quality of garment production.
A) Frederick Banting and Charles Best
B) Louis Pasteur
C) Edward Jenner
D) Alexander Fleming
Correct Answer: A) Frederick Banting and Charles Best
Explanation: Frederick Banting and Charles Best discovered insulin in 1921, revolutionizing the treatment of diabetes and saving countless lives.
A) James Dyson
B) William Hoover
C) Hubert Cecil Booth
D) Ives McGaffey
Correct Answer: C) Hubert Cecil Booth
Explanation: Hubert Cecil Booth invented the first practical vacuum cleaner in 1901, which used suction to clean floors and carpets.
A) Niels Bohr
B) J.J. Thomson
C) Ernest Rutherford
D) Albert Einstein
Correct Answer: B) J.J. Thomson
Explanation: J.J. Thomson discovered the electron in 1897 through his experiments with cathode rays, leading to the development of atomic theory.
A) Thomas Edison
B) Willis Carrier
C) Jacob Perkins
D) Albert T. Marshall
Correct Answer: D) Albert T. Marshall
Explanation: Albert T. Marshall invented the first practical electric refrigerator in 1913, which allowed for the preservation of food through cooling.
A) Michael Faraday
B) Nikola Tesla
C) Thomas Edison
D) James Watt
Correct Answer: B) Nikola Tesla
Explanation: Nikola Tesla invented the first practical alternating current (AC) electric motor in 1887, which played a crucial role in the widespread adoption of AC electricity.
A) Galileo Galilei
B) Isaac Newton
C) Archimedes
D) Leonardo da Vinci
Correct Answer: C) Archimedes
Explanation: Archimedes discovered the principle of buoyancy in the 3rd century BC, which states that a body submerged in a fluid experiences an upward force equal to the weight of the displaced fluid.
A) 10th century
B) 12th century
C) 14th century
D) 16th century
Correct Answer: C) 14th century
Explanation: The first practical mechanical clocks were developed in the 14th century, leading to more accurate timekeeping and the establishment of public clock towers in Europe.
A) Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll
B) Robert Hooke
C) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
D) Carl Zeiss
Correct Answer: A) Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll
Explanation: Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll developed the first electron microscope in 1931, allowing scientists to observe structures at a much higher resolution than possible with light microscopes.
A) Nikola Tesla
B) Michael Faraday
C) James Clerk Maxwell
D) Thomas Edison
Correct Answer: B) Michael Faraday
Explanation: Michael Faraday discovered the principle of electromagnetic induction in 1831, which is the fundamental operating principle of electric generators and transformers.
A) Thomas Edison
B) Nikola Tesla
C) William Stanley
D) George Westinghouse
Correct Answer: C) William Stanley
Explanation: William Stanley developed the first practical AC transformer in 1885. His work allowed for the efficient transmission of electrical power over long distances, which was crucial for the adoption of AC power systems.
A) Robert Hooke
B) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
C) Zacharias Janssen
D) Galileo Galilei
Correct Answer: C) Zacharias Janssen
Explanation: Zacharias Janssen is often credited with inventing the first compound microscope around 1590. Although the details are not clear, his early work in microscopy laid the foundation for future developments in the field.
A) James Watt
B) Thomas Newcomen
C) George Stephenson
D) Robert Fulton
Correct Answer: B) Thomas Newcomen
Explanation: Thomas Newcomen invented the first practical steam engine in 1712, known as the Newcomen atmospheric engine. It was used primarily for pumping water out of mines.
A) Hippocrates
B) Galen
C) Andreas Vesalius
D) William Harvey
Correct Answer: D) William Harvey
Explanation: William Harvey discovered the circulation of blood in the human body and published his findings in 1628 in the book “De Motu Cordis.” His work laid the foundation for modern physiology.
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