A) Paul Zoll
B) William Harvey
C) Willem Kolff
D) Charles Lindbergh
Correct Answer: C) Willem Kolff
Explanation: Willem Kolff developed the first functional artificial kidney, also known as a dialysis machine, which revolutionized treatment for patients with kidney failure.
A) John Hopps
B) Paul Zoll
C) Andreas Gruentzig
D) Michael DeBakey
Correct Answer: B) Paul Zoll
Explanation: Paul Zoll invented the first practical modern pacemaker, which was crucial in regulating heartbeats and saving lives.
A) Sony
B) LG
C) Samsung
D) Philips
Correct Answer: B) LG
Explanation: LG introduced one of the first commercially viable flat-screen televisions, which offered a more compact and energy-efficient alternative to traditional CRT TVs.
A) Alfred Horner
B) Charles Kettering
C) Henry Ford
D) Louis Renault
Correct Answer: D) Louis Renault
Explanation: Louis Renault developed one of the earliest successful automatic transmissions, making driving more convenient by eliminating manual gear shifting.
A) Canon
B) Epson
C) Hewlett-Packard
D) Lexmark
Correct Answer: C) Hewlett-Packard
Explanation: Hewlett-Packard introduced one of the first practical inkjet printers for home use, which became popular for its affordability and high-quality printing.
A) Thomas Edison
B) Nikola Tesla
C) Joseph Swan
D) Hiram Maxim
Correct Answer: C) Joseph Swan
Explanation: Joseph Swan, working independently from Edison, developed a practical and efficient high-efficiency light bulb that contributed to the widespread adoption of electric lighting.
A) Fritz Hofmann
B) Charles Goodyear
C) Walter B. Smith
D) Benjamin Franklin
Correct Answer: A) Fritz Hofmann
Explanation: Fritz Hofmann developed a practical method for producing synthetic rubber, which has been crucial for various industrial applications and consumer products.
A) Galileo Galilei
B) Isaac Newton
C) Johannes Kepler
D) Albert Einstein
Correct Answer: B) Isaac Newton
Explanation: Isaac Newton formulated the law of gravitation in 1687, explaining the gravitational force between masses.
A) Edward Jenner
B) Jonas Salk
C) Louis Pasteur
D) Alexander Fleming
Correct Answer: B) Jonas Salk
Explanation: Jonas Salk developed the first effective polio vaccine in 1955, drastically reducing the incidence of the disease.
A) Andreas Vesalius
B) Marcello Malpighi
C) William Harvey
D) Ambroise Paré
Correct Answer: C) William Harvey
Explanation: William Harvey described the systemic circulation and properties of blood being pumped by the heart in 1628.
A) Niels Bohr
B) Enrico Fermi
C) Ernest Rutherford
D) James Chadwick
Correct Answer: D) James Chadwick
Explanation: James Chadwick discovered the neutron in 1932, which was crucial for the development of nuclear physics.
A) Charles Babbage
B) Alan Turing
C) John von Neumann
D) Konrad Zuse
Correct Answer: D) Konrad Zuse
Explanation: Konrad Zuse invented the Z3 in 1941, considered the first programmable computer.
A) Niels Bohr
B) Ernest Rutherford
C) J.J. Thomson
D) James Chadwick
Correct Answer: B) Ernest Rutherford
Explanation: Ernest Rutherford proposed the nuclear structure of the atom in 1911 after his gold foil experiment.
A) Karl Benz
B) Henry Ford
C) Gottlieb Daimler
D) Rudolf Diesel
Correct Answer: A) Karl Benz
Explanation: Karl Benz invented the first true automobile powered by an internal combustion engine in 1885.
A) James Clerk Maxwell
B) Michael Faraday
C) André-Marie Ampère
D) Hans Christian Ørsted
Correct Answer: B) Michael Faraday
Explanation: Michael Faraday discovered electromagnetic induction in 1831, which is the principle behind transformers and many electrical devices.
A) Joseph Lister
B) Edward Jenner
C) Frederick Banting and Charles Best
D) Robert Koch
Correct Answer: C) Frederick Banting and Charles Best
Explanation: Frederick Banting and Charles Best discovered insulin in 1921, a breakthrough in the treatment of diabetes.
A) J.J. Thomson
B) James Chadwick
C) Ernest Rutherford
D) Niels Bohr
Correct Answer: C) Ernest Rutherford
Explanation: Ernest Rutherford discovered the proton in 1917 through experiments with nitrogen gas.
A) Dmitri Mendeleev
B) Antoine Lavoisier
C) John Dalton
D) Niels Bohr
Correct Answer: A) Dmitri Mendeleev
Explanation: Dmitri Mendeleev created the first widely recognized periodic table in 1869, organizing elements by atomic mass and properties.
A) Jethro Tull
B) Eli Whitney
C) John Deere
D) Cyrus McCormick
Correct Answer: D) Cyrus McCormick
Explanation: Cyrus McCormick invented the mechanical reaper in 1831, significantly boosting agricultural productivity.
A) William Herschel
B) Galileo Galilei
C) Urbain Le Verrier and Johann Galle
D) Clyde Tombaugh
Correct Answer: C) Urbain Le Verrier and Johann Galle
Explanation: Neptune was discovered in 1846 by Urbain Le Verrier and Johann Galle through mathematical predictions and telescope observations.
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