A) Treaty of Ghent
B) Treaty of Paris
C) Treaty of Versailles
D) Treaty of Tordesillas
Correct Answer: C) Treaty of Versailles
Explanation: The Treaty of Versailles, signed on June 28, 1919, formally ended World War I. It imposed heavy reparations and territorial losses on Germany, which contributed to economic hardship and political instability in the country, ultimately leading to World War II.
A) Dr. Nagendra Singh
B) B.N. Rau
C) R.S. Pathak
D) P.N. Bhagwati
Correct Answer: A) Dr. Nagendra Singh
Explanation: Dr. Nagendra Singh was the first Indian to serve as the President of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) from 1985 to 1988. He was an accomplished jurist and diplomat, contributing significantly to international law.
A) Rani Lakshmibai
B) Nana Sahib
C) Tantia Tope
D) All of the above
Correct Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Rani Lakshmibai, Nana Sahib, and Tantia Tope were all prominent leaders during the First War of Indian Independence in 1857. They fought valiantly against British forces, becoming symbols of resistance and patriotism in Indian history.
A) Manusmriti
B) Arthashastra
C) Ramayana
D) Mahabharata
Correct Answer: A) Manusmriti
Explanation: The Manusmriti, or Laws of Manu, is an ancient legal text that outlines the duties of individuals, including kings, and provides guidance on Dharma (righteous conduct). It has been a significant influence on Hindu law and social practices.
A) Akbar
B) Jahangir
C) Shah Jahan
D) Aurangzeb
Correct Answer: B) Jahangir
Explanation: Sikh Guru Arjan Dev was executed during the reign of Mughal Emperor Jahangir in 1606. This event is considered a significant moment in Sikh history, leading to increased militarization among the Sikhs.
A) England
B) France
C) Germany
D) Russia
Correct Answer: B) France
Explanation: The “Reign of Terror” was a period during the French Revolution marked by mass executions of perceived enemies of the revolution. It was led by the Jacobins under Robespierre, and thousands were guillotined during this time.
A) Annie Besant
B) Sarojini Naidu
C) Indira Gandhi
D) Vijayalakshmi Pandit
Correct Answer: B) Sarojini Naidu
Explanation: Sarojini Naidu, also known as the “Nightingale of India,” became the first Indian woman to serve as the President of the Indian National Congress in 1925. She was a prominent freedom fighter and poet.
A) Julius Caesar
B) Augustus
C) Pompey
D) Nero
Correct Answer: A) Julius Caesar
Explanation: Julius Caesar’s military conquests and political maneuvers contributed to the fall of the Roman Republic and paved the way for the establishment of the Roman Empire. His assassination led to the rise of his heir, Augustus, as the first Roman emperor.
A) Lal Bahadur Shastri
B) Indira Gandhi
C) Rajiv Gandhi
D) Morarji Desai
Correct Answer: B) Indira Gandhi
Explanation: Indira Gandhi, the then Prime Minister of India, nationalized 14 major banks in 1969, a move that was aimed at extending banking facilities to rural and remote areas, and ensuring that credit was directed towards the priority sectors.
A) Babur
B) Akbar
C) Humayun
D) Jahangir
Correct Answer: C) Humayun
Explanation: Humayun, the second Mughal emperor, introduced the Persian festival of Nowruz in India. Nowruz, the Persian New Year, was celebrated with great pomp and ceremony and was continued by subsequent Mughal rulers.
A) Pratibha Patil
B) Indira Gandhi
C) Sarojini Naidu
D) Sushma Swaraj
Correct Answer: A) Pratibha Patil
Explanation: Pratibha Patil became the first woman to be elected as the President of India, serving from 2007 to 2012. Her election marked a significant milestone in India’s political history.
A) Rajendra Chola I
B) Ashoka
C) Chandragupta Maurya
D) Harsha
Correct Answer: A) Rajendra Chola I
Explanation: Rajendra Chola I, the Chola emperor, is renowned for his naval expeditions across Southeast Asia, including the conquest of the Srivijaya Empire. His reign marked the zenith of Chola power and maritime dominance.
A) Homi Bhabha
B) S.N. Bose
C) C.V. Raman
D) Meghnad Saha
Correct Answer: C) C.V. Raman
Explanation: Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, commonly known as C.V. Raman, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for his discovery of the Raman effect, which describes the scattering of light and its change in wavelength when it passes through a transparent material.
A) Akbar
B) Humayun
C) Aurangzeb
D) Shah Jahan
Correct Answer: D) Shah Jahan
Explanation: The Mughal Empire lost Kandahar, a strategic city, to the Persian Empire during the reign of Shah Jahan in 1649. Despite several attempts to reclaim it, Kandahar remained under Persian control.
A) Annie Besant
B) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
C) Lala Lajpat Rai
D) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Correct Answer: B) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Explanation: Bal Gangadhar Tilak, along with Annie Besant, founded the Indian Home Rule League in 1916 to demand self-governance for India within the British Empire. The movement played a significant role in building momentum for the Indian independence struggle.
A) Samudragupta
B) Chandragupta Maurya
C) Ashoka
D) Harshavardhana
Correct Answer: A) Samudragupta
Explanation: Samudragupta, a ruler of the Gupta Empire, is often called the “Napoleon of India” because of his extensive military campaigns and the expansion of his empire across the Indian subcontinent.
A) Alexandria
B) Babylon
C) Athens
D) Rome
Correct Answer: B) Babylon
Explanation: The Hanging Gardens of Babylon, built in the ancient city of Babylon (modern-day Iraq), are considered one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Although their existence is debated, they are described as an extraordinary feat of engineering and beauty.
A) Jawaharlal Nehru
B) Subhas Chandra Bose
C) Mahatma Gandhi
D) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Correct Answer: C) Mahatma Gandhi
Explanation: Mahatma Gandhi, a key figure in the Indian independence movement, was assassinated on January 30, 1948, by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu nationalist. His death was a tragic event that deeply impacted the newly independent nation.
A) Shivaji
B) Baji Rao I
C) Balaji Vishwanath
D) Sambhaji
Correct Answer: A) Shivaji
Explanation: Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Empire, is known for his military strategies, administrative reforms, and efforts to build a strong and independent Maratha state in the face of Mughal dominance. His establishment of the Maratha Empire laid the foundation for the eventual decline of Mughal power in India.
A) Bhagavad Gita
B) Upanishads
C) Yoga Sutras
D) Arthashastra
Correct Answer: C) Yoga Sutras
Explanation: The Yoga Sutras, attributed to the sage Patanjali, are considered the foundational text of Yoga philosophy. The text outlines the principles and practices of Yoga, emphasizing the path to spiritual enlightenment through discipline, meditation, and ethical living.
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