A) Devi Shetty
B) Venugopal
C) Prathap C. Reddy
D) S.S. Bhattacharya
Correct Answer: B) Venugopal
Explanation: Dr. Venugopal is renowned for being a pioneer of cardiac surgery in India. He performed the first successful heart transplant in the country and introduced various innovative techniques in cardiology.
A) Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit
B) Indira Gandhi
C) Sucheta Kriplani
D) Mira Kumar
Correct Answer: A) Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit
Explanation: Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit was a trailblazer in many fields. Although she was deeply involved in politics, she was not the first Indian woman in the British Parliament; that distinction goes to others with close ties to the Indian subcontinent. However, she was the first Indian woman to hold a presidential office in the United Nations General Assembly.
A) A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
B) Vikram Sarabhai
C) Raja Ramanna
D) Homi J. Bhabha
Correct Answer: D) Homi J. Bhabha
Explanation: Homi J. Bhabha is widely regarded as the father of India’s nuclear program. He was the founding director of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research and the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, which played crucial roles in India’s development of nuclear energy.
A) Karnam Malleswari
B) Mary Kom
C) P.V. Sindhu
D) Neeraj Chopra
Correct Answer: A) Karnam Malleswari
Explanation: Karnam Malleswari won a bronze medal at the 2000 Sydney Olympics, becoming the first Indian woman to win an Olympic medal in weightlifting. Her historic achievement opened the door for future successes by Indian athletes in international competitions.
A) B.R. Ambedkar
B) Mahatma Gandhi
C) Lord Ripon
D) Jawaharlal Nehru
Correct Answer: C) Lord Ripon
Explanation: Lord Ripon is considered the “Father of Local Self Government” in India. His reforms as the Viceroy of India laid the foundations for modern local governance, emphasizing democratic autonomy and decentralization.
A) Sarla Thakral
B) Sucheta Kriplani
C) Harita Kaur Deol
D) Prem Mathur
Correct Answer: A) Sarla Thakral
Explanation: Sarla Thakral was the first Indian woman to pilot an aircraft. In 1936, at the age of 21, she flew a Gypsy Moth solo, breaking barriers and setting a precedent for Indian women in aviation.
A) Leila Seth
B) M. Fathima Beevi
C) Anna Chandy
D) Indu Malhotra
Correct Answer: C) Anna Chandy
Explanation: Anna Chandy was the first Indian woman to be appointed as a judge of a High Court. She served as a judge in the Kerala High Court, marking a significant milestone for women in the Indian judiciary.
A) Zubin Mehta
B) Lillete Dubey
C) Ali Akbar Khan
D) Aasif Mandvi
Correct Answer: D) Aasif Mandvi
Explanation: Aasif Mandvi, a well-known actor and comedian, was the first person of Indian descent to win a Tony Award. He received this accolade for his stellar performance in the Broadway play “Oklahoma!”
A) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
B) Mahatma Gandhi
C) Rabindranath Tagore
D) Swami Vivekananda
Correct Answer: A) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
Explanation: Raja Ram Mohan Roy is often referred to as the “Father of Indian Renaissance” for his forward-thinking ideas on modern education, abolition of sati, and reform of Hindu society. His efforts laid the groundwork for the modern Indian age.
A) Verghese Kurien
B) M.S. Swaminathan
C) Norman Borlaug
D) Sardar Patel
Correct Answer: B) M.S. Swaminathan
Explanation: M.S. Swaminathan is hailed as the “Father of the Green Revolution” in India. His efforts to introduce high-yielding varieties of seeds and modern agricultural techniques in the 1960s transformed Indian agriculture and helped alleviate hunger.
A) Mother Teresa
B) Kiran Bedi
C) Ela Bhatt
D) Medha Patkar
Correct Answer: A) Mother Teresa
Explanation: Mother Teresa was the first Indian woman to receive the prestigious Ramon Magsaysay Award in 1962 for Public Service. Her compassionate care for the sick, the poor, and the dying gained international recognition and respect.
A) Pentala Harikrishna
B) Vidit Gujrathi
C) Vishwanathan Anand
D) Praggnanandhaa R
Correct Answer: C) Vishwanathan Anand
Explanation: Vishwanathan Anand was the first Indian to win the FIDE World Chess Championship in 2000. He held the title five times and greatly popularized chess in India.
A) Bishnu Prasad Rabha
B) Zubin Garg
C) Jyoti Prasad Agarwala
D) Bhupen Hazarika
Correct Answer: D) Bhupen Hazarika
Explanation: Bhupen Hazarika, a renowned musician, singer, and filmmaker from Assam, is affectionately called the “Bard of Brahmaputra.” His songs, written and sung primarily in Assamese, reflect the culture and ethos of the region.
A) P.V. Sindhu
B) Saina Nehwal
C) Prakash Padukone
D) Pullela Gopichand
Correct Answer: B) Saina Nehwal
Explanation: Saina Nehwal was the first Indian to win an Olympic medal in badminton, securing a bronze at the 2012 London Olympics. Her achievement has been inspirational for many young athletes in India.
A) Deepa Malik
B) Bhavina Patel
C) Arunima Sinha
D) Karnam Malleswari
Correct Answer: A) Deepa Malik
Explanation: Deepa Malik was the first Indian woman to win a medal at the Paralympics, securing a silver in shot put at the 2016 Rio Paralympics. Her determination and success have made her a prominent figure in Indian sports.
A) Nandalal Bose
B) Amrita Sher-Gil
C) M.F. Husain
D) Raja Ravi Varma
Correct Answer: D) Raja Ravi Varma
Explanation: Raja Ravi Varma is considered a pioneer of modern Indian art. His paintings, which combine Indian traditions with the techniques of European academic art, have had a profound influence on the development of Indian art.
A) Mahasweta Devi
B) Amrita Pritam
C) Ashapoorna Devi
D) Arundhati Roy
Correct Answer: C) Ashapoorna Devi
Explanation: Ashapoorna Devi was the first Indian woman to win the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1976 for her novel “Pratham Pratisruti,” recognized for its insight into the personal and social struggles of women in 20th-century Bengal.
A) Gunjan Saxena
B) Avani Chaturvedi
C) Bhawana Kanth
D) Mohana Singh
Correct Answer: A) Gunjan Saxena
Explanation: Gunjan Saxena was one of the first Indian Air Force female officers to fly in a combat zone during the Kargil War in 1999. Her courageous service has been inspirational and was later depicted in a popular Bollywood film.
A) Jawaharlal Nehru
B) Rabindranath Tagore
C) Saifuddin Kitchlew
D) Aruna Asaf Ali
Correct Answer: C) Saifuddin Kitchlew
Explanation: Saifuddin Kitchlew was a prominent freedom fighter and one of the first Indians to receive the Stalin Peace Prize for his contributions to the Indian independence movement and his efforts in promoting peace.
A) Nandini Sundar
B) Sudhir Kakar
C) Nalini Ambady
D) Anima Sen
Correct Answer: D) Anima Sen
Explanation: Anima Sen is often referred to as the “Mother of Indian Psychology” for her pioneering research and contributions to the field. Her work has significantly shaped the development of psychological studies in India.
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