A) K.G. Karmakar
B) Raghuram Rajan
C) C. Rangarajan
D) Muhammad Yunus
Correct Answer: A) K.G. Karmakar
Explanation: K.G. Karmakar is credited with pioneering the concept of “Social Banking” or “Development Banking” in India, promoting banking not just for profit but also to support socio-economic development, particularly in rural areas.
A) Raj Rewal
B) B.V. Doshi
C) Laurie Baker
D) Charles Correa
Correct Answer: C) Laurie Baker
Explanation: Laurie Baker is renowned for his innovative use of traditional building techniques combined with modern architectural design. His work is highly respected for its sustainability, cost-effectiveness, and the use of local materials.
A) Zakir Hussain
B) Ravi Shankar
C) A.R. Rahman
D) Anoushka Shankar
Correct Answer: B) Ravi Shankar
Explanation: Ravi Shankar was the first Indian to win a Grammy Award, earning the prestigious recognition for his exemplary skills in playing the sitar and his collaborations that bridged Eastern and Western music.
A) Kailash Satyarthi
B) Medha Patkar
C) Anna Hazare
D) Aruna Roy
Correct Answer: A) Kailash Satyarthi
Explanation: Kailash Satyarthi founded the Bachpan Bachao Andolan, an initiative aimed at eradicating child labor and promoting the right to education for all children in India. His efforts have been instrumental in the global fight against child labor.
A) Homi J. Bhabha
B) Vikram Sarabhai
C) A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
D) Raja Ramanna
Correct Answer: A) Homi J. Bhabha
Explanation: Homi J. Bhabha is considered the “Father of the Indian nuclear program” for his role in developing nuclear science in India and his visionary leadership in atomic energy research and applications.
A) Jhumpa Lahiri
B) Kiran Desai
C) Anita Desai
D) Arundhati Roy
Correct Answer: D) Arundhati Roy
Explanation: Arundhati Roy was the first Indian woman to win the Booker Prize for her novel “The God of Small Things,” which received global acclaim for its profound narrative style and intricate plot that explored themes of love, betrayal, and social norms.
A) Azim Premji
B) Anand Mahindra
C) Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw
D) Shiv Nadar
Correct Answer: C) Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw
Explanation: Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw founded Biocon in 1978, making it one of India’s first biotechnology companies. Under her leadership, Biocon has made significant advances in biopharmaceutical innovation.
A) Kalpana Chawla
B) Sunita Williams
C) Tessy Thomas
D) K. Meganathan
Correct Answer: A) Kalpana Chawla
Explanation: Kalpana Chawla was the first Indian-born woman to travel to space. She was a mission specialist on the Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997, and her life and career have inspired many in the fields of science and aerospace.
A) C.V. Raman
B) Rabindranath Tagore
C) Har Gobind Khorana
D) Amartya Sen
Correct Answer: B) Rabindranath Tagore
Explanation: Rabindranath Tagore was the first Indian to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913 for his book “Gitanjali.” His profound and poetic works have made a lasting impact on literature and culture.
A) Jawaharlal Nehru
B) Mahatma Gandhi
C) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
D) Subhas Chandra Bose
Correct Answer: B) Mahatma Gandhi
Explanation: Mahatma Gandhi led the Dandi Salt March in 1930, a pivotal event in the Indian independence movement against British colonial rule. This act of nonviolent protest was aimed at opposing the salt tax imposed by the British government.
A) Sundar Pichai
B) Satya Nadella
C) Shantanu Narayen
D) Vinod Dham
Correct Answer: D) Vinod Dham
Explanation: Vinod Dham, known as the “Father of the Pentium chip,” was among the first Indians to hold a significant CEO position in Silicon Valley. His innovations and leadership in semiconductor technology have had a profound impact on the tech industry.
A) Arundhati Bhattacharya
B) Chanda Kochhar
C) Shikha Sharma
D) Usha Ananthasubramanian
Correct Answer: D) Usha Ananthasubramanian
Explanation: Usha Ananthasubramanian was the first woman to head a public sector bank in India. She was appointed as the CEO and Managing Director of Bharatiya Mahila Bank, the first all-women’s bank of India, in 2013.
A) Nagendra Singh
B) B.N. Rau
C) Dalveer Bhandari
D) Radhabinod Pal
Correct Answer: A) Nagendra Singh
Explanation: Nagendra Singh was the first Indian to serve as the President of the International Court of Justice from 1985 to 1988. His tenure is noted for his significant contributions to international law and justice.
A) Sarada Devi
B) Ramakrishna Paramahansa
C) Swami Vivekananda
D) Swami Ramakrishnananda
Correct Answer: C) Swami Vivekananda
Explanation: Swami Vivekananda founded the Ramakrishna Mission in 1897, named after his guru, Ramakrishna Paramahansa. The mission is dedicated to the humanitarian and social work, based on the principles of practical Vedanta and universal brotherhood.
A) Arati Saha
B) Bula Choudhury
C) Mihir Sen
D) Anita Sood
Correct Answer: A) Arati Saha
Explanation: Arati Saha was the first Indian woman to successfully swim across the English Channel in 1959. Her remarkable feat was a significant milestone in Indian sports history, showcasing her endurance and determination.
A) Manmohan Singh
B) P.V. Narasimha Rao
C) C. Rangarajan
D) Montek Singh Ahluwalia
Correct Answer: A) Manmohan Singh
Explanation: Manmohan Singh is considered the father of Indian economic reforms. As the Finance Minister in 1991, under Prime Minister P.V. Narasimha Rao’s government, he implemented sweeping liberalization policies that opened up the Indian economy to global markets.
A) Devendra Jhajharia
B) Deepa Malik
C) Murlikant Petkar
D) Rajinder Singh Rahelu
Correct Answer: C) Murlikant Petkar
Explanation: Murlikant Petkar was the first Indian to win a gold medal at the Paralympics, achieving this feat in swimming at the 1972 Heidelberg Paralympics. His victory marked a significant moment in the history of Indian sports.
A) Raja Ramanna
B) Vikram Sarabhai
C) Homi J. Bhabha
D) A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
Correct Answer: D) A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
Explanation: A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, known as the “Missile Man of India,” played a crucial role in the development of India’s missile and nuclear weapons programs. His contributions have left a lasting impact on India’s defense capabilities.
A) Bachendri Pal
B) Tenzing Norgay
C) Arunima Sinha
D) Avtar Singh Cheema
Correct Answer: B) Tenzing Norgay
Explanation: Tenzing Norgay, although of Nepalese Sherpa descent, was one of the first two individuals known to reach the summit of Mount Everest, which he accomplished together with Sir Edmund Hillary on May 29, 1953.
A) Salman Rushdie
B) Arundhati Roy
C) Kiran Desai
D) Aravind Adiga
Correct Answer: A) Salman Rushdie
Explanation: Salman Rushdie was the first Indian to win the Booker Prize, which he received in 1981 for his novel “Midnight’s Children.” The book is highly acclaimed for its deep insight into Indian culture and history.
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