A) Solar energy
B) Wind energy
C) Coal
D) Hydroelectric power
Correct Answer: C) Coal
Explanation: Coal is a non-renewable energy source because it takes millions of years to form and cannot be replenished on a human timescale.
A) Species found only in specific regions
B) Species found worldwide
C) Migratory species
D) Invasive species
Correct Answer: A) Species found only in specific regions
Explanation: Endemic species are those that are native to and found only within a particular geographic region.
A) Eutrophication
B) Bioaccumulation
C) Bioremediation
D) Transpiration
Correct Answer: C) Bioremediation
Explanation: Bioremediation is the process by which living organisms, primarily microorganisms, break down harmful pollutants into less toxic or non-toxic substances.
A) Desert
B) Tropical rainforest
C) Tundra
D) Savanna
Correct Answer: C) Tundra
Explanation: The tundra biome is characterized by permafrost, a permanently frozen layer of soil, which limits the growth of trees and plants.
A) Prevent deforestation
B) Reduce greenhouse gas emissions
C) Conserve water resources
D) Combat plastic pollution
Correct Answer: B) Reduce greenhouse gas emissions
Explanation: The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty that commits participating countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to combat climate change.
A) Carnivores
B) Producers
C) Decomposers
D) Herbivores
Correct Answer: B) Producers
Explanation: Producers, such as plants and algae, are organisms that produce their own food through photosynthesis and form the base of most ecosystems’ food chains.
A) Oxygen
B) Nitrogen
C) Sulfur dioxide
D) Helium
Correct Answer: C) Sulfur dioxide
Explanation: Sulfur dioxide, primarily released from burning fossil fuels, combines with water in the atmosphere to form sulfuric acid, which leads to acid rain.
A) Urbanization
B) Industrial waste
C) Volcanic activity
D) Overpopulation
Correct Answer: B) Industrial waste
Explanation: Industrial waste, including chemicals and heavy metals, is a major source of water pollution and harms aquatic ecosystems.
A) Butane
B) Propane
C) Methane
D) Ethane
Correct Answer: C) Methane
Explanation: Methane is the main component of natural gas, contributing to both energy production and greenhouse gas emissions.
A) Pollution
B) Overharvesting
C) Habitat destruction
D) Climate change
Correct Answer: C) Habitat destruction
Explanation: Habitat destruction, driven by deforestation, urbanization, and agriculture, is the leading cause of species extinction today.
A) House sparrow
B) Bengal tiger
C) Catfish
D) Common pigeon
Correct Answer: B) Bengal tiger
Explanation: The Bengal tiger is an endangered species due to poaching, habitat loss, and human-wildlife conflict.
A) UNEP
B) IUCN
C) IPCC
D) WHO
Correct Answer: C) IPCC
Explanation: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the UN body responsible for assessing the science related to climate change and providing reports on its impacts and potential responses.
A) Ocean acidification
B) Water pollution
C) Overfishing
D) Rising sea temperatures
Correct Answer: D) Rising sea temperatures
Explanation: Coral bleaching occurs when rising sea temperatures cause corals to expel the symbiotic algae living in their tissues, leading to a loss of color and vitality.
A) Increased biodiversity
B) Depletion of fish populations
C) Coral reef growth
D) Increased algal blooms
Correct Answer: B) Depletion of fish populations
Explanation: Overfishing depletes fish populations, disrupting marine ecosystems and affecting the livelihoods of communities dependent on fisheries.
A) Composting
B) Recycling
C) Decomposition
D) Incineration
Correct Answer: B) Recycling
Explanation: Recycling is the process of converting waste materials into new materials or products, reducing the need for virgin resources and lowering environmental impact.
A) Troposphere
B) Stratosphere
C) Mesosphere
D) Thermosphere
Correct Answer: B) Stratosphere
Explanation: The ozone layer, which protects the Earth from harmful UV radiation, is located in the stratosphere.
A) Water
B) Temperature
C) Bacteria
D) Minerals
Correct Answer: C) Bacteria
Explanation: Biotic factors refer to living components in an ecosystem, such as plants, animals, and microorganisms like bacteria.
A) Volcanic eruptions
B) Deforestation
C) Fossil fuel combustion
D) Industrial activities
Correct Answer: A) Volcanic eruptions
Explanation: Volcanic eruptions release gases and particles into the atmosphere, affecting the Earth’s climate temporarily by blocking sunlight.
A) Methane
B) Carbon monoxide
C) Nitrogen oxides
D) Sulfur dioxide
Correct Answer: C) Nitrogen oxides
Explanation: Nitrogen oxides, when combined with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the presence of sunlight, lead to the formation of ground-level ozone, a harmful air pollutant.
A) Coal
B) Natural gas
C) Nuclear energy
D) Solar energy
Correct Answer: D) Solar energy
Explanation: Solar energy is a clean and renewable source of power that generates electricity without emitting pollutants or greenhouse gases.
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