MCQs on Computer Fundamentals

[Set - 4]

1. What type of software manages and controls hardware components in a computer?

A) Application Software
B) System Software
C) Utility Software
D) Development Software

Correct Answer: B) System Software
Explanation: System software, including the operating system, manages and controls hardware components in a computer, enabling the system to function and run application software.

2. What type of network topology uses a central hub or switch to connect all devices?

A) Mesh Topology
B) Star Topology
C) Ring Topology
D) Bus Topology

Correct Answer: B) Star Topology
Explanation: In star topology, all devices are connected to a central hub or switch. This setup simplifies network management and troubleshooting and isolates network failures to individual connections.

3. What is the main function of a bus protocol?

A) Data encryption
B) Power management
C) System cooling
D) Communication standards

Correct Answer: D) Communication standards
Explanation: A bus protocol sets the rules for communication between components, ensuring proper data transfer rates and synchronization.

4. Which data structure allows efficient hierarchical data management?

A) Array
B) Linked List
C) Binary Search Tree
D) Stack

Correct Answer: C) Binary Search Tree
Explanation: A Binary Search Tree (BST) allows efficient hierarchical data management with quick search, insertion, and deletion.

5. What distinguishes synchronous from asynchronous data transmission?

A) Clock signal
B) Speed
C) Bandwidth
D) Network type

Correct Answer: A) Clock signal
Explanation: Synchronous transmission uses a clock signal for timing, whereas asynchronous transmission relies on start and stop bits.

6. What does pipelining in CPU architecture do?

A) Execute instructions in stages
B) Increase clock speed
C) Improve network bandwidth
D) Manage system memory

Correct Answer: A) Execute instructions in stages
Explanation: Pipelining breaks down instruction execution into stages, allowing multiple instructions to be processed simultaneously.

7. Why is DRAM preferred over SRAM for large memory applications?

A) Faster speed
B) Higher density and lower cost
C) More reliability
D) Lower power consumption

Correct Answer: B) Higher density and lower cost
Explanation: DRAM offers higher storage density and lower cost per bit, making it suitable for large-scale memory needs despite being slower than SRAM.

8. What is the purpose of virtual memory?

A) Increase RAM capacity
B) Manage hardware components
C) Speed up CPU processing
D) Use disk storage as additional RAM

Correct Answer: D) Use disk storage as additional RAM
Explanation: Virtual memory uses disk space to simulate additional RAM, allowing for more processes to run simultaneously.

9. Which RAID level provides redundancy and performance with parity?

A) RAID 0
B) RAID 1
C) RAID 5
D) RAID 10

Correct Answer: C) RAID 5
Explanation: RAID 5 stripes data with parity across multiple disks, providing both redundancy and improved performance.

10. What does a gateway do in a network?

A) Connects different networks
B) Provides wireless access
C) Manages data compression
D) Increases bandwidth

Correct Answer: A) Connects different networks
Explanation: A gateway connects and translates between different network types, enabling communication across various protocols.

11. What is “latency” in computing?

A) Data loss rate
B) Processing speed
C) Delay in data transfer
D) Memory capacity

Correct Answer: C) Delay in data transfer
Explanation: Latency refers to the delay experienced in data transfer between two points in a network or system.

12. What does “bus width” determine in a computer system?

A) Number of CPUs
B) Data transfer speed
C) RAM capacity
D) Storage size

Correct Answer: B) Data transfer speed
Explanation: Bus width defines the amount of data that can be transferred in parallel, affecting the data transfer speed of the system.

13. Which type of memory is non-volatile and can be electrically erased and reprogrammed?

A) RAM
B) ROM
C) EEPROM
D) Cache

Correct Answer: C) EEPROM
Explanation: Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM) is non-volatile memory that can be erased and reprogrammed electronically.

14. Which hardware component is responsible for converting digital signals to analog signals?

A) Modem
B) Router
C) Network Interface Card
D) Switch

Correct Answer: A) Modem
Explanation: A modem converts digital signals from a computer to analog signals for transmission over telephone lines or other analog communication channels.

15. What is a “flip-flop” used for in digital circuits?

A) Data storage
B) Arithmetic operations
C) Data transmission
D) Power management

Correct Answer: A) Data storage
Explanation: A flip-flop is a digital circuit used for storing a single bit of data, acting as a basic memory unit in digital electronics.

16. What is the role of “bus arbitration” in a computer system?

A) To prioritize tasks in the operating system scheduler
B) To manage access to shared communication lines among devices
C) To facilitate data transfer between the CPU and the hard drive
D) To monitor and control the power supply of system components

Correct Answer: B) To manage access to shared communication lines among devices
Explanation: Bus arbitration is the process of determining which device gets control of the bus when multiple devices request access, ensuring orderly communication in a computer system.

17. What is the primary function of an "interrupt service routine" (ISR)?

A) Manage network protocols
B) Handle and respond to interrupts
C) Store frequently accessed data
D) Control the system’s cooling system

Correct Answer: B) Handle and respond to interrupts
Explanation: An Interrupt Service Routine (ISR) handles and responds to interrupts, allowing the CPU to address urgent tasks promptly.

18. What type of computer architecture is described by the term "RISC"?

A) Reduced Instruction Set Computer
B) Randomly Integrated System Controller
C) Reliable Internal Storage Component
D) Reconfigurable Integrated Service Circuit

Correct Answer: A) Reduced Instruction Set Computer
Explanation: RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) architecture focuses on a small set of instructions, allowing for faster execution of operations.

19. What is the main benefit of "direct memory access" (DMA)?

A) Reduces CPU workload for memory operations
B) Increases network speed
C) Enhances graphics processing
D) Improves power efficiency

Correct Answer: A) Reduces CPU workload for memory operations
Explanation: DMA allows peripheral devices to access memory directly without CPU intervention, reducing the CPU’s workload and improving overall system performance.

20. What does "dynamic RAM" (DRAM) require to retain data?

A) Continuous power supply
B) Periodic refreshing of data
C) High-speed data transfer
D) Multiple cache layers

Correct Answer: B) Periodic refreshing of data
Explanation: Dynamic RAM (DRAM) requires periodic refreshing to retain data, as it stores data in capacitors that discharge over time.

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