A) Store data permanently
B) Execute instructions
C) Connect external devices
D) Display visual output
Correct Answer: B) Execute instructions
Explanation: The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is known as the brain of the computer. It executes instructions from programs by performing basic arithmetic, logic, control, and input/output operations specified by the instructions.
A) First Generation
B) Second Generation
C) Third Generation
D) Fourth Generation
Correct Answer: C) Third Generation
Explanation: The third generation of computers is characterized by the use of transistors, which replaced the bulky and less reliable vacuum tubes used in the previous generation. Transistors were smaller, more reliable, and more energy-efficient.
A) Arithmetic Logic Unit
B) Access Logic Unit
C) Array Logic Unit
D) Algorithm Logic Unit
Correct Answer: A) Arithmetic Logic Unit
Explanation: The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) is a fundamental component of the CPU that performs arithmetic and logical operations on the data.
A) Keyboard
B) Mouse
C) Monitor
D) Scanner
Correct Answer: C) Monitor
Explanation: A monitor is an output device that displays information from the computer. The keyboard, mouse, and scanner are all input devices used to enter data into the computer.
A) Read-Only Memory
B) Random-Only Memory
C) Read-Operative Memory
D) Random-Operative Memory
Correct Answer: A) Read-Only Memory
Explanation: ROM stands for Read-Only Memory. It is a type of non-volatile memory that is used to store firmware or software that is not intended to be modified frequently.
A) ROM
B) Hard Disk
C) RAM
D) Flash Memory
Correct Answer: C) RAM
Explanation: RAM (Random Access Memory) is a volatile memory that loses its contents when the power is turned off. It is used for temporary storage while the computer is operating.
A) Programs and applications
B) Physical components of a computer
C) Data and files
D) Operating system functions
Correct Answer: B) Physical components of a computer
Explanation: Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system, such as the CPU, monitor, keyboard, and hard drive. Software, on the other hand, consists of programs and applications.
A) Modem
B) Router
C) Switch
D) Hub
Correct Answer: A) Modem
Explanation: A modem (modulator-demodulator) is used to convert digital signals from a computer into analog signals for transmission over telephone lines and vice versa.
A) To perform calculations
B) To manage hardware resources
C) To execute machine-level instructions
D) To store data permanently
Correct Answer: B) To manage hardware resources
Explanation: The operating system manages the computer’s hardware resources and provides a platform for running applications. It handles tasks such as file management, process scheduling, and memory management.
A) First Generation
B) Second Generation
C) Third Generation
D) Fourth Generation
Correct Answer: D) Fourth Generation
Explanation: The fourth generation of computers is characterized by the use of integrated circuits (ICs), which replaced the discrete transistors of the third generation, leading to more powerful and compact computers.
A) Basic Integrated Operating System
B) Binary Input Output System
C) Basic Input Output System
D) Binary Input Operating System
Correct Answer: C) Basic Input Output System
Explanation: BIOS stands for Basic Input Output System. It is firmware used to perform hardware initialization during the booting process and to provide runtime services for operating systems and programs.
A) Monitor
B) Printer
C) Windows 10
D) Hard Drive
Correct Answer: C) Windows 10
Explanation: Windows 10 is an operating system software, while the monitor, printer, and hard drive are hardware components.
A) A type of software program
B) A communication pathway between components
C) A storage device
D) A networking protocol
Correct Answer: B) A communication pathway between components
Explanation: A bus in computer systems refers to a communication pathway that allows different components of the computer to communicate with each other, such as the CPU, memory, and peripheral devices.
A) Hard Disk
B) CD-ROM
C) RAM
D) USB Flash Drive
Correct Answer: C) RAM
Explanation: RAM (Random Access Memory) is a primary storage device that provides temporary storage for data and instructions that are actively being used or processed by the CPU.
A) Perform calculations
B) Manage memory
C) Direct the operation of the processor
D) Store data permanently
Correct Answer: C) Direct the operation of the processor
Explanation: The Control Unit (CU) directs the operation of the processor by fetching instructions from memory, decoding them, and executing them, thus managing the flow of data within the CPU.
A) Keyboard
B) Mouse
C) Scanner
D) Speaker
Correct Answer: D) Speaker
Explanation: A speaker is an output device used to produce sound from the computer. The keyboard and mouse are input devices, while the scanner is also an input device.
A) Physical components of a computer
B) Programs and operating systems
C) Input and output devices
D) Data storage devices
Correct Answer: B) Programs and operating systems
Explanation: Software refers to the programs and operating systems that run on a computer, enabling the hardware to perform specific tasks and functions.
A) To store all the computer’s data and files
B) To provide a platform for connecting components
C) To execute programs and manage instructions
D) To handle internet and network connections
Correct Answer: B) To provide a platform for connecting components
Explanation: The motherboard is the main circuit board of a computer that connects and allows communication between the CPU, memory, storage devices, and other hardware components.
A) First Generation
B) Second Generation
C) Third Generation
D) Fourth Generation
Correct Answer: D) Fourth Generation
Explanation: The fourth generation of computers is associated with the development and use of microprocessors, which are integrated circuits that contain the CPU on a single chip.
A) Internal components of the computer
B) Devices used to connect to the internet
C) External devices connected to the computer
D) Software applications installed on the computer
Correct Answer: C) External devices connected to the computer
Explanation: Peripheral devices are external devices that are connected to a computer to provide additional functionality, such as keyboards, mice, printers, and external hard drives.
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