Correct Answer: B) Reverse osmosis
Explanation: Reverse osmosis is widely used for desalinating seawater. It involves forcing seawater through a semipermeable membrane that allows water molecules to pass but blocks salt and other impurities.
A) Roasting
B) Smelting
C) Electrorefining
D) Leaching
Correct Answer: C) Electrorefining
Explanation: Electrorefining is a process that uses electrolysis to purify metals, such as copper. The impure metal is used as an anode, and a refined metal is deposited on the cathode.
A) Filtration
B) Reverse osmosis
C) Distillation
D) Coagulation
Correct Answer: B) Reverse osmosis
Explanation: Reverse osmosis is widely used for desalinating seawater. It involves forcing seawater through a semipermeable membrane that allows water molecules to pass but blocks salt and other impurities.
A) Sulfuric acid
B) Hydrochloric acid
C) Nitric acid
D) Acetic acid
Correct Answer: B) Hydrochloric acid
Explanation: Hydrochloric acid (muriatic acid) is commonly used for cleaning metal surfaces as it effectively removes rust and scale, preparing the surfaces for further processing or finishing.
A) Increase the reaction rate
B) Decrease the reaction rate
C) Change the products of the reaction
D) Consume reactants faster
Correct Answer: A) Increase the reaction rate
Explanation: Catalysts increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the reaction. They achieve this by providing an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation energy.
A) Hydrochloric acid
B) Sulfuric acid
C) Nitric acid
D) Acetic acid
Correct Answer: B) Sulfuric acid
Explanation: Sulfuric acid is often referred to as the ‘King of Chemicals’ due to its numerous industrial applications, including in the manufacture of fertilizers, chemical synthesis, mineral processing, and oil refining.
A) Calcium hydroxide
B) Calcium carbonate
C) Calcium chloride
D) Calcium sulfate
Correct Answer: A) Calcium hydroxide
Explanation: When quicklime (calcium oxide, CaO) reacts with water, it forms calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂), also known as slaked lime, which is used in mortar and plaster.
A) Iron
B) Copper
C) Gold
D) Pyrite
Correct Answer: D) Pyrite
Explanation: Pyrite, or iron sulfide (FeS₂), is commonly known as ‘fool’s gold’ due to its metallic luster and pale brass-yellow hue, which can resemble gold to the untrained eye.
A) Condensation
B) Evaporation
C) Sublimation
D) Deposition
Correct Answer: B) Evaporation
Explanation: Evaporation is the process of converting a liquid into a vapor state at a temperature below its boiling point, typically occurring at the surface of the liquid.
A) Viscosity
B) Density
C) Pressure
D) Temperature
Correct Answer: A) Viscosity
Explanation: Viscosity is the measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow. It describes how thick or sticky the fluid is and how much it resists being deformed.
A) Lead
B) Silicon
C) Boron
D) Aluminium
Correct Answer: C) Boron
Explanation: Boron, when added to glass in the form of boron oxide, can increase its strength and make it bulletproof. This type of glass is commonly used in security applications.
A) Saturated
B) Unsaturated
C) Supersaturated
D) Concentrated
Correct Answer: A) Saturated
Explanation: A saturated solution refers to a solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in it at a given temperature. Adding more solute to a saturated solution leads to undissolved excess.
A) Boyle’s Law
B) Charles’s Law
C) Ideal Gas Law
D) Dalton’s Law
Correct Answer: C) Ideal Gas Law
Explanation: The Ideal Gas Law (PV=nRT) relates the pressure (P), volume (V), and temperature (T) of an ideal gas through the gas constant (R) and the amount of gas in moles (n).
A) Combustion
B) Oxidation
C) Reduction
D) Neutralization
Correct Answer: B) Oxidation
Explanation: The corrosion of iron, also known as rusting, is an oxidation reaction where iron reacts with oxygen and water to form iron oxide.
A) Oxygen
B) Hydrogen
C) Nitrogen
D) Chlorine
Correct Answer: B) Hydrogen
Explanation: When zinc metal reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid, hydrogen gas is evolved as a product of the single displacement reaction.
A) Salt
B) Oxide
C) Hydroxide
D) Peroxide
Correct Answer: A) Salt
Explanation: The reaction between an acid and a base typically results in the formation of a salt and water. This type of reaction is known as neutralization.
A) Smelting
B) Roasting
C) Leaching
D) Froth flotation
Correct Answer: D) Froth flotation
Explanation: Froth flotation is a process used to separate hydrophobic materials from hydrophilic materials. It is primarily used in the mining industry to increase the concentration of ore minerals.
A) Iron
B) Copper
C) Niobium
D) Tungsten
Correct Answer: C) Niobium
Explanation: Niobium is used in the construction of MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) machines due to its superconducting properties when alloyed with titanium or tin.
A) Charles’s Law
B) Boyle’s Law
C) Gay-Lussac’s Law
D) Avogadro’s Law
Correct Answer: C) Gay-Lussac’s Law
Explanation: Gay-Lussac’s Law states that the pressure of a given mass of gas varies directly with the absolute temperature when the volume is kept constant.
A) To increase nutritional value
B) To enhance flavor
C) To preserve freshness
D) To prevent oxidation
Correct Answer: D) To prevent oxidation
Explanation: Antioxidants are added to food to prevent oxidation, a chemical reaction that can cause the deterioration of food quality, including the rancidity of fats and oils.
A) Uranium-234
B) Uranium-235
C) Uranium-238
D) Uranium-239
Correct Answer: B) Uranium-235
Explanation: Uranium-235 is the isotope commonly used in nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons because of its ability to sustain a nuclear chain reaction.
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