A) Anatomy
B) Physiology
C) Biochemistry
D) Genetics
Correct Answer: B) Physiology
Explanation: Physiology is the scientific study of functions in living systems, including how organisms, organ systems, organs, cells, and biomolecules carry out the chemical and physical functions in a living system.
A) Cerebellum
B) Medulla oblongata
C) Hypothalamus
D) Amygdala
Correct Answer: C) Hypothalamus
Explanation: The hypothalamus is a part of the brain that regulates a number of homeostatic processes, including hunger and satiety. It responds to levels of food intake, hormones, and other signals related to energy balance.
A) Platelets
B) White blood cells
C) Red blood cells
D) Plasma
Correct Answer: C) Red blood cells
Explanation: Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, an iron-containing protein, which binds oxygen and carries it from the lungs to the tissues of the body.
A) Sexual reproduction
B) Asexual reproduction
C) Pollination
D) Germination
Correct Answer: B) Asexual reproduction
Explanation: Asexual reproduction in plants involves the development of new plants from the parts of existing plants without the involvement of reproductive organs or the union of gametes.
A) Adrenaline
B) Cortisol
C) Aldosterone
D) Insulin
Correct Answer: C) Aldosterone
Explanation: Aldosterone is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex; it regulates salt and water balance by increasing the reabsorption of ions and water in the kidney, increasing blood volume and blood pressure.
A) Metabolism
B) Catabolism
C) Anabolism
D) Life cycle
Correct Answer: D) Life cycle
Explanation: A life cycle is a series of changes in form that an organism undergoes, returning to the starting state. It is the complete sequence of events in development from the end of one generation to the same stage in the next generation.
A) Meiosis
B) Mitosis
C) Binary fission
D) Fragmentation
Correct Answer: B) Mitosis
Explanation: Mitosis is the type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth.
A) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Lysosomes
Correct Answer: A) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Explanation: The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the synthesis of lipids, including oils, phospholipids, and steroids.
A) Translocation
B) Transpiration
C) Respiration
D) Photosynthesis
Correct Answer: B) Transpiration
Explanation: Transpiration is the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, such as leaves, stems and flowers.
A) To see
B) To detect light
C) To protect the eyes
D) To produce tears
Correct Answer: C) To protect the eyes
Explanation: The eyelids protect the eyes from foreign bodies and excessive light, and spread lubrication (tears) across the eyeball to keep it moist.
A) Parathyroid gland
B) Thyroid gland
C) Adrenal gland
D) Pituitary gland
Correct Answer: B) Thyroid gland
Explanation: The thyroid gland secretes calcitonin, which helps to regulate calcium levels in the blood by decreasing the levels when they are too high.
A) Progesterone
B) Testosterone
C) Insulin
D) Thyroxine
Correct Answer: A) Progesterone
Explanation: Progesterone is a hormone released by the ovaries. Changing levels of progesterone play a significant role in regulating the menstrual cycle and maintaining pregnancy.
A) Stomach
B) Small intestine
C) Large intestine
D) Liver
Correct Answer: B) Small intestine
Explanation: The small intestine is responsible for absorbing nutrients from food, including proteins and fats, into the bloodstream.
A) Erythrocytes
B) Platelets
C) Lymphocytes
D) Monocytes
Correct Answer: C) Lymphocytes
Explanation: Lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, play an integral role in the immune system by producing antibodies that are used to attack and destroy foreign substances.
A) Cell membrane
B) Nucleus
C) Cytoplasm
D) Cytoskeleton
Correct Answer: D) Cytoskeleton
Explanation: The cytoskeleton is a network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement.
A) Mitosis
B) Meiosis
C) Cytokinesis
D) Apoptosis
Correct Answer: C) Cytokinesis
Explanation: Cytokinesis is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually occurs concurrently with the final stage of mitosis (mitotic phase) and meiosis, processes that separate the nucleus.
A) Autotroph
B) Herbivore
C) Carnivore
D) Decomposer
Correct Answer: D) Decomposer
Explanation: Decomposers are organisms that break down dead or decaying organisms, and in doing so, they carry out the natural process of decomposition. Like herbivores and predators, decomposers are heterotrophic, meaning that they use organic substrates to get their energy, carbon and nutrients for growth and development.
A) Lysosome
B) Ribosome
C) Mitochondrion
D) Golgi apparatus
Correct Answer: A) Lysosome
Explanation: Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles found in animal cells. They are spherical vesicles that contain hydrolytic enzymes that can break down many kinds of biomolecules. They are involved in various cell processes, including the digestion and removal of cell waste and debris.
A) Hypothalamus
B) Amygdala
C) Thalamus
D) Occipital lobe
Correct Answer: D) Occipital lobe
Explanation: The occipital lobe is located at the back of the brain and is responsible for processing visual information from the eyes.
A) Trisomy 21
B) Klinefelter syndrome
C) Turner syndrome
D) XYY syndrome
Correct Answer: A) Trisomy 21
Explanation: Trisomy 21, also known as Down syndrome, is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21. It is typically associated with physical growth delays, characteristic facial features, and mild to moderate intellectual disability.
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