A) Cerebrum
B) Cerebellum
C) Medulla oblongata
D) Spinal cord
Correct Answer: B) Cerebellum
Explanation: The cerebellum is part of the brain that regulates motor movements. It is responsible for balance, coordination, and posture.
A) Atom
B) Molecule
C) Cell
D) Tissue
Correct Answer: C) Cell
Explanation: The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in all living organisms, serving as the building blocks of life.
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B12
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin K
Correct Answer: D) Vitamin K
Explanation: Vitamin K is crucial for synthesizing proteins that mediate the blood clotting process.
A) Cellular respiration
B) Photosynthesis
C) Fermentation
D) Transpiration
Correct Answer: B) Photosynthesis
Explanation: Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize nutrients from carbon dioxide and water.
A) Pineal gland
B) Pituitary gland
C) Thyroid gland
D) Adrenal gland
Correct Answer: A) Pineal gland
Explanation: The pineal gland produces melatonin, which helps regulate sleep-wake cycles, commonly known as circadian rhythms.
A) Ionic bonds
B) Covalent bonds
C) Hydrogen bonds
D) Van der Waals forces
Correct Answer: C) Hydrogen bonds
Explanation: Hydrogen bonds hold the two strands of DNA together in the helix, stabilizing the DNA structure.
A) Digestive system
B) Circulatory system
C) Nervous system
D) Respiratory system
Correct Answer: B) Circulatory system
Explanation: The circulatory system transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and wastes through blood circulated by the heart through a network of vessels.
A) G1 phase
B) S phase
C) G2 phase
D) M phase
Correct Answer: B) S phase
Explanation: The S phase (synthesis phase) is the part of the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated, occurring between the G1 phase and the G2 phase.
A) T cells
B) B cells
C) Macrophages
D) Eosinophils
Correct Answer: D) Eosinophils
Explanation: Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell that are particularly important in combating parasitic infections and are also involved in the body’s allergic response mechanisms.
A) Adrenaline
B) Cortisol
C) Insulin
D) Estrogen
Correct Answer: A) Adrenaline
Explanation: Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is released by the adrenal glands and plays a significant role in the fight-or-flight response by increasing blood flow to muscles, output of the heart, pupil dilation, and blood sugar.
A) To transmit nerve impulses
B) To protect and insulate the axon
C) To increase the speed of nerve impulse transmission
D) Both B and C
Correct Answer: D) Both B and C
Explanation: The myelin sheath is a fatty layer that covers the axons of many neurons, serving as insulation and increasing the speed at which nerve impulses are conducted.
A) Skeletal muscle
B) Cardiac muscle
C) Smooth muscle
D) Elastic muscle
Correct Answer: C) Smooth muscle
Explanation: Smooth muscle tissue is found in the walls of blood vessels and helps regulate the blood flow by contracting and relaxing under involuntary control.
A) Heterotrophs
B) Autotrophs
C) Decomposers
D) Omnivores
Correct Answer: B) Autotrophs
Explanation: Autotrophs are organisms that can synthesize their own food from inorganic substances using light or chemical energy, such as plants and some bacteria.
A) Cartilage
B) Bone
C) Adipose tissue
D) Ligament
Correct Answer: A) Cartilage
Explanation: Cartilage is a flexible yet strong type of connective tissue found in various parts of the body, including the joints, where it acts as a cushion to prevent bones from rubbing against each other.
A) Nucleotides
B) Amino acids
C) Fatty acids
D) Monosaccharides
Correct Answer: B) Amino acids
Explanation: Amino acids are organic compounds that combine to form proteins, the building blocks of life.
A) Respiratory system
B) Digestive system
C) Urinary system
D) Circulatory system
Correct Answer: C) Urinary system
Explanation: The urinary system, also known as the renal system, consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. It eliminates waste from the body, regulates blood volume and blood pressure, controls levels of electrolytes and metabolites, and regulates blood pH.
A) Parenchyma
B) Collenchyma
C) Sclerenchyma
D) Xylem
Correct Answer: D) Xylem
Explanation: Xylem is a type of tissue in vascular plants that transports water and dissolved nutrients upwards from the roots to the rest of the plant.
A) Evaporation
B) Condensation
C) Precipitation
D) Transpiration
Correct Answer: B) Condensation
Explanation: Condensation is the process by which water vapor in the air is changed into liquid water, forming clouds and eventually leading to precipitation.
A) To digest food
B) To absorb nutrients
C) To absorb water
D) To produce enzymes
Correct Answer: C) To absorb water
Explanation: The primary function of the large intestine is to absorb water and salts from the material that has not been digested as food, and to pass useless waste material from the body.
A) Ribosome
B) Lysosome
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Endoplasmic reticulum
Correct Answer: A) Ribosome
Explanation: Ribosomes are cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis. They translate messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains that will be processed to become functional proteins.
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