A) Stomach
B) Small intestine
C) Large intestine
D) Esophagus
Correct Answer: B) Small intestine
Explanation: The small intestine is the major site of digestion and absorption of nutrients, facilitated by its large surface area due to villi and microvilli.
A) Dendrites
B) Axon
C) Nucleus
D) Cell body
Correct Answer: B) Axon
Explanation: The axon is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell that conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron’s cell body or soma to other neurons, muscles, or glands.
A) Tendons
B) Ligaments
C) Cartilage
D) Muscle
Correct Answer: B) Ligaments
Explanation: Ligaments are strong, elastic bands of connective tissue that connect bones at joints, providing stability and supporting movement.
A) Diffusion
B) Osmosis
C) Active transport
D) Passive transport
Correct Answer: C) Active transport
Explanation: Active transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration—against the concentration gradient, requiring energy in the form of ATP.
A) Human
B) Mushroom
C) Bacteria
D) Fern
Correct Answer: C) Bacteria
Explanation: Bacteria are prokaryotic organisms, characterized by the absence of a distinct nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
A) Kidney
B) Liver
C) Spleen
D) Pancreas
Correct Answer: B) Liver
Explanation: The liver plays a key role in detoxifying harmful substances, metabolizing drugs, and processing waste products.
A) Organ
B) Tissue
C) Cell
D) Organ system
Correct Answer: C) Cell
Explanation: The cell is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms.
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B12
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin D
Correct Answer: C) Vitamin C
Explanation: Scurvy is caused by a deficiency in vitamin C, which is necessary for the synthesis of collagen in humans.
A) Type A
B) Type B
C) Type AB
D) Type O
Correct Answer: D) Type O
Explanation: Type O blood is considered the universal donor because it lacks A and B antigens on the surface of its red blood cells, reducing the risk of immune rejection.
A) Transpiration
B) Respiration
C) Photosynthesis
D) Condensation
Correct Answer: A) Transpiration
Explanation: Transpiration is the process by which moisture is carried through plants from roots to small pores on the underside of leaves, where it changes to vapor and is released to the atmosphere.
A) Small intestine
B) Stomach
C) Large intestine
D) Esophagus
Correct Answer: C) Large intestine
Explanation: The large intestine primarily absorbs water from undigested food particles, aiding in the formation of solid waste.
A) Adrenaline
B) Insulin
C) Melatonin
D) Estrogen
Correct Answer: C) Melatonin
Explanation: Melatonin, produced by the pineal gland in the brain, is influenced by the light-dark cycle and regulates the sleep-wake cycle.
A) Macrophages
B) B cells
C) T cells
D) Mast cells
Correct Answer: D) Mast cells
Explanation: Mast cells play a key role in the inflammatory process and are involved in the body’s allergic responses by releasing histamine and other chemicals.
A) Diffusion
B) Osmosis
C) Active transport
D) Filtration
Correct Answer: B) Osmosis
Explanation: Osmosis is the process by which water molecules move across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to one of higher solute concentration until equilibrium is reached.
A) Endoplasmic reticulum
B) Golgi apparatus
C) Nucleolus
D) Mitochondria
Correct Answer: C) Nucleolus
Explanation: The nucleolus is a region within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells that is responsible for ribosome biogenesis, assembling ribosomal RNA and proteins into ribosomal subunits.
A) Thyroid gland
B) Adrenal gland
C) Pituitary gland
D) Pineal gland
Correct Answer: C) Pituitary gland
Explanation: The pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain, produces hormones that control many other endocrine glands in the body, influencing growth, metabolism, and reproductive processes.
A) Nucleotides
B) Amino acids
C) Fatty acids
D) Monosaccharides
Correct Answer: B) Amino acids
Explanation: Amino acids are organic compounds that combine to form proteins, serving as the building blocks for protein synthesis.
A) To provide energy for reactions
B) To decrease the reaction rate
C) To increase the reaction rate
D) To act as substrates
Correct Answer: C) To increase the reaction rate
Explanation: Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up biochemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed for the reactions to proceed.
A) Cell wall
B) Cell membrane
C) Cytoplasm
D) Nucleus
Correct Answer: B) Cell membrane
Explanation: The cell membrane, or plasma membrane, regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell, maintaining homeostasis within the cell.
A) Ionic bond
B) Covalent bond
C) Metallic bond
D) Hydrogen bond
Correct Answer: B) Covalent bond
Explanation: Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electron pairs between atoms, forming a stable balance of attractive and repulsive forces between atoms.
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