A) Ligaments
B) Tendons
C) Cartilage
D) Synovium
Correct Answer: B) Tendons
Explanation: Tendons are tough bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect muscles to bones and help in movement by transmitting forces.
A) Cellulose
B) Starch
C) Glycogen
D) Chitin
Correct Answer: A) Cellulose
Explanation: Cellulose, a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of glucose units, is the main substance in the walls of plant cells, helping to provide structural support.
A) Pancreas
B) Thyroid
C) Adrenal
D) Pituitary
Correct Answer: B) Thyroid
Explanation: The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate the body’s metabolic rate as well as heart and digestive function, brain development, and bone maintenance.
A) Hinge joint
B) Pivot joint
C) Ball and socket joint
D) Saddle joint
Correct Answer: C) Ball and socket joint
Explanation: Ball and socket joints, such as those in the shoulders and hips, allow for radial movement in almost all directions, providing a high degree of mobility.
A) Isotonic
B) Hypotonic
C) Hypertonic
D) Plasmolysis
Correct Answer: C) Hypertonic
Explanation: A hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solutes compared to the cytoplasm of a cell, leading to the movement of water out of the cell.
A) Respiratory system
B) Digestive system
C) Endocrine system
D) Lymphatic system
Correct Answer: D) Lymphatic system
Explanation: The lymphatic system includes lymph nodes, lymph ducts, and organs such as the spleen, thymus, and tonsils, which are involved in protecting and maintaining the internal fluid environment by filtering and draining lymph.
A) Mitosis
B) Meiosis
C) Binary fission
D) Budding
Correct Answer: B) Meiosis
Explanation: Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, creating four genetically distinct daughter cells, typically involved in producing gametes.
A) Zoology
B) Botany
C) Mycology
D) Microbiology
Correct Answer: C) Mycology
Explanation: Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their genetic and biochemical properties, and their use to humans.
A) Glucose
B) ATP
C) DNA
D) RNA
Correct Answer: B) ATP
Explanation: ATP (adenosine triphosphate) acts as the main energy carrier in the cell, providing energy for cellular processes through its hydrolysis into ADP (adenosine diphosphate).
A) It absorbs light energy
B) It produces carbon dioxide
C) It synthesizes sugar
D) It expels oxygen
Correct Answer: A) It absorbs light energy
Explanation: Chlorophyll is a pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy, which is used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen in the process of photosynthesis.
A) Stomach
B) Liver
C) Bladder
D) Intestines
Correct Answer: C) Bladder
Explanation: The bladder is part of the urinary system, not the digestive system. It stores urine until it is excreted from the body.
A) White blood cells
B) Red blood cells
C) Platelets
D) Plasma cells
Correct Answer: B) Red blood cells
Explanation: Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, a protein that binds oxygen and transports it from the lungs to the rest of the body.
A) To absorb nutrients
B) To produce bile
C) To digest food
D) To absorb water
Correct Answer: D) To absorb water
Explanation: The large intestine absorbs water and salts from the material that has not been digested as food, and is thus responsible for the formation of solid waste.
A) Incomplete dominance
B) Codominance
C) Complete dominance
D) Pleiotropy
Correct Answer: B) Codominance
Explanation: In codominance, both alleles in a heterozygous combination are fully expressed, leading to a phenotype that simultaneously displays the traits of both alleles.
A) Adrenaline
B) Cortisol
C) Insulin
D) Estrogen
Correct Answer: B) Cortisol
Explanation: Cortisol is produced in the adrenal glands and is known as the stress hormone because it helps the body respond to stress by increasing glucose synthesis and suppressing the immune system.
A) Osmosis
B) Active transport
C) Diffusion
D) Filtration
Correct Answer: C) Diffusion
Explanation: Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration until they are evenly distributed.
A) G1 phase
B) S phase
C) G2 phase
D) M phase
Correct Answer: B) S phase
Explanation: The S phase (synthesis phase) of the cell cycle involves the replication of DNA, preparing the cell for mitosis.
A) Innate immunity
B) Passive immunity
C) Active immunity
D) Cellular immunity
Correct Answer: C) Active immunity
Explanation: Vaccinations stimulate the production of antibodies and memory cells, which result in active immunity, preparing the immune system to fight future infections of the same type.
A) Iris
B) Pupil
C) Retina
D) Lens
Correct Answer: D) Lens
Explanation: The lens of the eye adjusts its shape to focus light rays onto the retina, enabling clear vision at varying distances.
A) Thyroid gland
B) Pineal gland
C) Pituitary gland
D) Adrenal gland
Correct Answer: B) Pineal gland
Explanation: The pineal gland, located in the brain, secretes melatonin, which helps regulate circadian rhythms and the sleep-wake cycle.
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