A) Nucleus
B) Mitochondrion
C) Ribosome
D) Golgi apparatus
Correct Answer: B) Mitochondrion
Explanation: The mitochondrion generates the cell’s energy by producing ATP through the process of cellular respiration.
A) Helicase
B) Ligase
C) Polymerase
D) Gyrase
Correct Answer: A) Helicase
Explanation: Helicase unwinds the double helix structure of the DNA, allowing each strand to be copied.
A) Ionic bond
B) Covalent bond
C) Hydrogen bond
D) Peptide bond
Correct Answer: B) Covalent bond
Explanation: Water molecules are held together by polar covalent bonds, where electrons are shared unequally between oxygen and hydrogen atoms.
A) Roots
B) Stems
C) Leaves
D) Flowers
Correct Answer: C) Leaves
Explanation: Leaves contain chloroplasts, which house chlorophyll, the pigment that absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis.
A) To regulate body temperature
B) To transport respiratory gases
C) To digest fats
D) To fight infections
Correct Answer: D) To fight infections
Explanation: The lymphatic system helps to defend the body against infections by circulating lymph fluid containing immune cells throughout the body.
A) tRNA
B) mRNA
C) rRNA
D) DNA polymerase
Correct Answer: B) mRNA
Explanation: mRNA (messenger RNA) transfers the genetic code needed for protein synthesis from the nucleus to the ribosome in the cytoplasm.
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B12
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin K
Correct Answer: D) Vitamin K
Explanation: Vitamin K is crucial for synthesizing proteins that mediate the clotting of blood.
A) Organ
B) Tissue
C) Organ system
D) Cellular assembly
Correct Answer: B) Tissue
Explanation: Tissues are groups of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function within an organism.
A) Nitrification
B) Nitrogen fixation
C) Ammonification
D) Denitrification
Correct Answer: B) Nitrogen fixation
Explanation: Nitrogen fixation is the process by which nitrogen in the Earth’s atmosphere is converted into ammonia by natural means, especially by microorganisms as part of the nitrogen cycle.
A) To synthesize large proteins
B) To produce energy in the form of ATP
C) To eliminate waste products from the cell
D) To prepare the cell for division
Correct Answer: B) To produce energy in the form of ATP
Explanation: Cellular respiration is the process by which cells harvest energy from food molecules, primarily glucose, to generate ATP, which serves as a universal energy carrier in cells.
A) Insulin
B) Adrenaline
C) Cortisol
D) Estrogen
Correct Answer: A) Insulin
Explanation: Insulin, produced by the pancreas, helps to regulate blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells.
A) Transport oxygen
B) Clot blood
C) Fight infections
D) Repair tissues
Correct Answer: C) Fight infections
Explanation: White blood cells are part of the immune system and primarily function to fight off infections and protect the body from foreign invaders.
A) Cerebrum
B) Cerebellum
C) Brainstem
D) Hypothalamus
Correct Answer: C) Brainstem
Explanation: The brainstem controls various basic bodily functions including heart rate and breathing.
A) Golgi apparatus
B) Mitochondria
C) Nucleus
D) Endoplasmic reticulum
Correct Answer: A) Golgi apparatus
Explanation: The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or for use within the cell.
A) Red blood cells
B) Platelets
C) B lymphocytes
D) T lymphocytes
Correct Answer: C) B lymphocytes
Explanation: B lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell that is fundamental to the immune system by producing antibodies to fight against antigens.
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin E
Correct Answer: C) Vitamin D
Explanation: Vitamin D enhances the intestinal absorption of calcium, essential for bone health and maintenance.
A) Transpiration
B) Respiration
C) Photosynthesis
D) Condensation
Correct Answer: A) Transpiration
Explanation: Transpiration is the process where plants absorb water through the roots and then give off water vapor through pores in their leaves.
A) Turner Syndrome
B) Klinefelter Syndrome
C) Down Syndrome
D) Patau Syndrome
Correct Answer: C) Down Syndrome
Explanation: Down Syndrome is caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21.
A) Liver
B) Kidneys
C) Heart
D) Pancreas
Correct Answer: B) Kidneys
Explanation: The kidneys filter waste and excess substances from the blood, forming urine to excrete them from the body.
A) Mitosis
B) Meiosis
C) Binary fission
D) Fragmentation
Correct Answer: C) Binary fission
Explanation: Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction in which a single bacterial cell divides into two identical progeny cells.
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