A) Red blood cells
B) White blood cells
C) Platelets
D) Plasma cells
Correct Answer: D) Plasma cells
Explanation: Plasma cells, derived from B lymphocytes, are white blood cells that produce large volumes of antibodies.
A) To break down proteins
B) To break down fats
C) To break down carbohydrates
D) To emulsify lipids
Correct Answer: C) To break down carbohydrates
Explanation: Amylase is an enzyme that helps digest carbohydrates. It is produced in the pancreas and the glands that make saliva.
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin E
Correct Answer: C) Vitamin D
Explanation: Vitamin D is essential for the regulation of calcium and phosphate metabolism, which is important for the maintenance of healthy bones.
A) Autotroph
B) Heterotroph
C) Parasite
D) Saprotroph
Correct Answer: A) Autotroph
Explanation: Autotrophs are organisms that can produce their own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals. Because they produce their own food, they are sometimes called producers.
A) Cerebellum
B) Cerebrum
C) Medulla oblongata
D) Hippocampus
Correct Answer: D) Hippocampus
Explanation: The hippocampus is a small organ located within the brain’s medial temporal lobe and is associated with the functions of memory forming, organizing, and storing.
A) Insulin
B) Glucagon
C) Adrenaline
D) Cortisol
Correct Answer: A) Insulin
Explanation: Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood. It facilitates the entry of glucose into cells, thereby lowering blood glucose levels.
A) Macrophages
B) T cells
C) B cells
D) Mast cells
Correct Answer: D) Mast cells
Explanation: Mast cells play a crucial role in the immune system’s response to allergens. They release histamine and other chemicals that trigger allergy symptoms.
A) Heart
B) Liver
C) Kidneys
D) Pancreas
Correct Answer: C) Kidneys
Explanation: The kidneys play a critical role in the body by filtering blood, removing waste, and managing the levels of electrolytes such as potassium, sodium, and calcium.
A) Metabolism
B) Homeostasis
C) Synthesis
D) Respiration
Correct Answer: B) Homeostasis
Explanation: Homeostasis is the process by which an organism maintains a stable internal environment, necessary for survival and function, despite changes in the external environment.
A) Epithelial tissue
B) Connective tissue
C) Muscle tissue
D) Nervous tissue
Correct Answer: D) Nervous tissue
Explanation: Nervous tissue forms the communication and coordination system of the body. It is composed of neurons, which transmit electrical signals, and neuroglia, which support and protect neurons.
A) Testosterone
B) Insulin
C) Thyroxine
D) Estrogen
Correct Answer: C) Thyroxine
Explanation: Thyroxine, also known as T4, is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland that regulates metabolism, growth, and development in the body.
A) Heart
B) Skin
C) Liver
D) Kidney
Correct Answer: B) Skin
Explanation: The skin is the largest organ of the human body. It covers the entire body, protecting it from the environment, and plays roles in insulation, temperature regulation, sensation, and the production of vitamin D.
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B12
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin D
Correct Answer: A) Vitamin A
Explanation: Vitamin A is crucial for vision, especially in low light, as well as skin health and the maintenance of immune functions.
A) Golgi apparatus
B) Mitochondria
C) Ribosome
D) Nucleus
Correct Answer: C) Ribosome
Explanation: Ribosomes are the cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis. They read the sequence of mRNA to assemble amino acids into polypeptide chains.
A) Thyroid gland
B) Adrenal gland
C) Pineal gland
D) Pituitary gland
Correct Answer: D) Pituitary gland
Explanation: The pituitary gland, often called the “master gland,” influences nearly every part of the body. It secretes hormones that control growth, blood pressure, and other functions of the body’s endocrine glands.
A) Alpha cells
B) Beta cells
C) Delta cells
D) Gamma cells
Correct Answer: B) Beta cells
Explanation: Beta cells are cells that are located in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. They are responsible for the production of insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels.
A) Cardiovascular system
B) Digestive system
C) Nervous system
D) Respiratory system
Correct Answer: D) Respiratory system
Explanation: The respiratory system includes the trachea, bronchi, and lungs among other components. It is responsible for breathing and the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the environment.
A) Reflex
B) Reaction
C) Response
D) Resilience
Correct Answer: A) Reflex
Explanation: A reflex is an involuntary and nearly instantaneous movement in response to a stimulus. Reflex actions are rapid and happen without conscious thought.
A) Parasite
B) Autotroph
C) Heterotroph
D) Symbiont
Correct Answer: A) Parasite
Explanation: A parasite is an organism that lives on or in a host and gets its food at the expense of its host, often harming the host in the process.
A) Ribosomes
B) Golgi apparatus
C) Lysosomes
D) Endoplasmic reticulum
Correct Answer: C) Lysosomes
Explanation: Lysosomes are known as the digestion center of the cell because they contain digestive enzymes. These enzymes break down worn-out parts of the cell and substances that the cell has engulfed.
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