A) Squamous epithelial cells
B) Cuboidal epithelial cells
C) Columnar epithelial cells
D) Transitional epithelial cells
Correct Answer: C) Columnar epithelial cells
Explanation: Columnar epithelial cells line the small intestine. These cells have a column-like shape and are specialized for absorption of nutrients during digestion.
A) To filter blood
B) To digest food
C) To regulate blood sugar
D) To produce bile
Correct Answer: A) To filter blood
Explanation: The spleen plays multiple supporting roles in the body. It acts as a filter for blood as part of the immune system. Old red blood cells are recycled in the spleen, and platelets and white blood cells are stored there. The spleen also helps fight certain kinds of bacteria that cause pneumonia and meningitis.
A) Pancreas
B) Thyroid
C) Adrenal
D) Pituitary
Correct Answer: B) Thyroid
Explanation: Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder that affects the thyroid gland, causing it to become overactive, which is known as hyperthyroidism. It often results in an enlarged thyroid.
A) Bioluminescence
B) Fluorescence
C) Phosphorescence
D) Chemiluminescence
Correct Answer: A) Bioluminescence
Explanation: Bioluminescence is the production and emission of light by a living organism. It is a form of chemiluminescence where light energy is released by a chemical reaction. This phenomenon is found in various marine organisms such as bacteria, algae, jellyfish, worms, crustaceans, sea stars, fish, and sharks as well as terrestrial invertebrates such as fireflies.
A) Stamen
B) Petal
C) Pistil
D) Sepal
Correct Answer: C) Pistil
Explanation: The pistil is the female part of the flower where the ovary is located. After fertilization, the ovary develops into seeds.
A) Hinge joints
B) Ball and socket joints
C) Fixed joints
D) Pivot joints
Correct Answer: C) Fixed joints
Explanation: Fixed joints, or fibrous joints, are where the bones are interlocked and held together by dense connective tissue and allow no movement between the bones. An example is the joints between the skull bones.
A) Liver
B) Lungs
C) Skin
D) Kidneys
Correct Answer: D) Kidneys
Explanation: The kidneys are responsible for removing waste products and excess substances from the blood through the formation of urine. This includes the filtration and elimination of nitrogenous wastes such as urea and ammonia.
A) Peritoneum
B) Pleura
C) Pericardium
D) Mesothelium
Correct Answer: A) Peritoneum
Explanation: The peritoneum is the serous membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity or the coelom—it covers most of the intra-abdominal (or coelomic) organs. It is composed of a layer of mesothelium supported by a thin layer of connective tissue.
A) Respiration
B) Transpiration
C) Photosynthesis
D) Condensation
Correct Answer: B) Transpiration
Explanation: Transpiration is the process by which moisture is carried through plants from roots to small pores on the underside of leaves, where it changes to vapor and is released to the atmosphere.
A) Platelets
B) White blood cells
C) Red blood cells
D) Stem cells
Correct Answer: C) Red blood cells
Explanation: Red blood cells, or erythrocytes, are the most common type of blood cell and the body’s principal means of delivering oxygen to the body tissues via blood flow through the circulatory system. They do this through a protein molecule called hemoglobin, which binds oxygen.
A) To neutralize stomach acid
B) To break down proteins
C) To emulsify fats
D) To absorb vitamins
Correct Answer: C) To emulsify fats
Explanation: Bile, a digestive fluid produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, aids in the digestion of lipids in the small intestine. It mainly helps to emulsify fats, increasing their surface area to enhance lipase activity.
A) Adrenal gland
B) Thyroid gland
C) Pineal gland
D) Pituitary gland
Correct Answer: B) Thyroid gland
Explanation: The thyroid gland plays a major role in the metabolism, growth, and development of the human body. It regulates metabolic rate by releasing hormones.
A) Osmosis
B) Active transport
C) Diffusion
D) Filtration
Correct Answer: C) Diffusion
Explanation: Diffusion is the net passive movement of particles (atoms, ions or molecules) from a region in which they are in higher concentration to regions of lower concentration. It continues until the concentration of substances is uniform throughout.
A) To capture sunlight
B) To store nutrients
C) To conserve water
D) To exchange gases
Correct Answer: D) To exchange gases
Explanation: Stomata are small openings on the surface of leaves that allow for gas exchange. Carbon dioxide enters, while water vapor and oxygen exit, necessary for photosynthesis.
A) Smooth muscle
B) Cardiac muscle
C) Skeletal muscle
D) Elastic muscle
Correct Answer: C) Skeletal muscle
Explanation: Skeletal muscle is the muscle tissue that can be voluntarily controlled. It is attached to bones and is responsible for their movement.
A) Epidermis
B) Dermis
C) Hypodermis
D) Stratum basale
Correct Answer: D) Stratum basale
Explanation: The stratum basale, also known as the basal layer, is the deepest layer of the five layers of the epidermis, which is the outer covering of skin in mammals. It is responsible for the generation of new skin cells. Cells in the stratum basale bond to the dermis via intertwining collagen fibers, referred to as the basement membrane. A new epidermis is produced here, and the cells are pushed up through the layers of the epidermis to the surface.
A) Melatonin
B) Serotonin
C) Dopamine
D) Adrenaline
Correct Answer: A) Melatonin
Explanation: Melatonin is a hormone that is produced by the pineal gland in the brain primarily at night and is closely involved in the natural sleep-wake cycle.
A) Prostate gland
B) Testes
C) Vas deferens
D) Urethra
Correct Answer: B) Testes
Explanation: The testes are the male reproductive organs that produce sperm and hormones, including testosterone.
A) Connective tissue
B) Muscle tissue
C) Nervous tissue
D) Epithelial tissue
Correct Answer: D) Epithelial tissue
Explanation: The outer layer of the human skin is composed of epithelial tissue, which forms a protective barrier against mechanical injury, pathogens, and fluid loss.
A) Cell wall
B) Cell membrane
C) Chloroplast
D) Vacuole
Correct Answer: A) Cell wall
Explanation: The cell wall is a rigid layer that lies outside the cell membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria. In the algae and higher plants, it consists mainly of cellulose.
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