A) Nucleus
B) Ribosome
C) Mitochondrion
D) Golgi apparatus
Answer: C) Mitochondrion
Explanation: The mitochondrion is known as the powerhouse of the cell because it is the site where cellular respiration occurs, producing ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the energy currency of the cell.
A) Red blood cells
B) Platelets
C) White blood cells
D) Plasma cells
Answer: C) White blood cells
Explanation: White blood cells (leukocytes) are the main components of the immune system, defending the body against infectious diseases and foreign invaders.
A) Ear
B) Foot
C) Hand
D) Nose
Answer: A) Ear
Explanation: The stapes is the smallest bone in the human body and is located in the middle ear. It helps in the transmission of sound vibrations to the inner ear.
A) Cerebrum
B) Cerebellum
C) Medulla oblongata
D) Hypothalamus
Answer: C) Medulla oblongata
Explanation: The medulla oblongata is located in the brainstem and controls autonomic functions such as heartbeat, breathing, and blood pressure.
A) Hemoglobin
B) Chlorophyll
C) Melanin
D) Carotene
Answer: B) Chlorophyll
Explanation: Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. It absorbs light energy, which is then used to drive the process of photosynthesis.
A) Kidney
B) Liver
C) Pancreas
D) Spleen
Answer: B) Liver
Explanation: The liver is the primary organ responsible for detoxifying chemicals, metabolizing drugs, and producing bile to aid in digestion.
A) Epithelial tissue
B) Muscle tissue
C) Blood
D) Nervous tissue
Answer: C) Blood
Explanation: Blood is considered a connective tissue because it has a matrix (plasma) and transports nutrients, gases, and waste products throughout the body.
A) Turner syndrome
B) Klinefelter syndrome
C) Edwards syndrome
D) Down syndrome
Answer: D) Down syndrome
Explanation: Down syndrome, also known as trisomy 21, is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21, leading to developmental and intellectual delays.
A) Transporting nutrients
B) Carrying oxygen
C) Fighting infections
D) Clotting blood
Answer: B) Carrying oxygen
Explanation: Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen in the lungs and carries it to tissues and organs throughout the body.
A) Insulin
B) Glucagon
C) Thyroxine
D) Adrenaline
Answer: A) Insulin
Explanation: Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps regulate blood sugar levels by promoting the absorption of glucose into cells, thus lowering blood glucose levels.
A) Cellulose
B) Chitin
C) Glycogen
D) Starch
Answer: A) Cellulose
Explanation: Cellulose is a complex carbohydrate that constitutes the primary structural component of the plant cell wall, providing rigidity and strength.
A) Filtering air
B) Producing mucus
C) Exchanging gases
D) Protecting the trachea
Answer: C) Exchanging gases
Explanation: The alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place between the air and the blood.
A) mRNA
B) rRNA
C) tRNA
D) DNA
Answer: A) mRNA
Explanation: Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis.
A) Nervous system
B) Endocrine system
C) Digestive system
D) Excretory system
Answer: B) Endocrine system
Explanation: The endocrine system is a collection of glands that produce hormones to regulate processes such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction.
A) Digesting proteins
B) Absorbing nutrients
C) Absorbing water
D) Breaking down fats
Answer: C) Absorbing water
Explanation: The main function of the large intestine is to absorb water and electrolytes from indigestible food matter, forming solid waste (feces) to be excreted.
A) Stomach
B) Liver
C) Pancreas
D) Gallbladder
Answer: B) Liver
Explanation: The liver produces bile, a substance that emulsifies fats, aiding in their digestion.
A) Producing neurotransmitters
B) Protecting the brain
C) Speeding up nerve impulses
D) Storing calcium ions
Answer: C) Speeding up nerve impulses
Explanation: The myelin sheath is a fatty layer that covers the axons of neurons. It insulates the axons and speeds up the transmission of nerve impulses.
A) Mitosis
B) Meiosis
C) Binary fission
D) Budding
Answer: B) Meiosis
Explanation: Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in the production of gametes (sperm and eggs) with a haploid set of chromosomes.
A) Smooth muscle
B) Cardiac muscle
C) Skeletal muscle
D) Striated muscle
Answer: A) Smooth muscle
Explanation: Smooth muscle tissue is involuntary and found in the walls of internal organs such as the stomach, intestines, and blood vessels. It helps in various functions like peristalsis and blood flow regulation.
A) Gene
B) Chromosome
C) DNA
D) Nucleotide
Answer: A) Gene
Explanation: A gene is the basic unit of heredity that is made up of DNA and carries the instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of organisms.
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