MCQs on Percentages [Set – 1] 1. A shopkeeper offers a discount of 25% on the marked price of a shirt. If the marked price of the shirt is ₹1,200, what is the selling price? A) ₹900B) ₹850C) ₹950D) ₹1,000 Show Answer Correct Answer: A) ₹900Explanation:The selling price after a 25% discount is calculated as: text{Selling Price} = 1200 times (1 – frac{25}{100}) = 1200 times 0.75 = 900 2. If 45% of a number is 180, what is the number? A) 400B) 360C) 280D) 300 Show Answer Correct Answer: D) 300Explanation:Let the number be x .So, 0.45 times x = 180 x = frac{180}{0.45} = 400 3. A person spends 60% of his salary. If he saves ₹4,800, what is his total salary? A) ₹11,000B) ₹12,000C) ₹13,100D) ₹14,000 Show Answer Correct Answer: B) ₹12,000Explanation:If 40% of the salary is saved, then: 0.40 times text{Salary} = 4800 text{Salary} = frac{4800}{0.40} = 12000 4. Find the percentage increase when a quantity increases from 500 to 700. A) 40%B) 50%C) 30%D) 25% Show Answer Correct Answer: A) 40%Explanation:Percentage increase = frac{700 – 500}{500} times 100 = frac{200}{500} times 100 = 40% 5. A student scored 72 marks in an exam. If this is 80% of the total marks, what are the total marks? A) 80B) 85C) 90D) 100 Show Answer Correct Answer: C) 90Explanation:Let the total marks be x . 0.80 times x = 72 x = frac{72}{0.80} = 90 6. By what percent is ₹400 more than ₹320? A) 20%B) 25%C) 30%D) 40% Show Answer Correct Answer: D) 40%Explanation:Increase = 400 – 320 = 80 Percentage increase = frac{80}{320} times 100 = 25% 7. If the population of a town increases by 10% every year, what will be its population after 2 years if the current population is 50,000? A) 60,000B) 55,000C) 60,500D) 50,000 Show Answer Correct Answer: A) 60,000Explanation:Population after 2 years = 50,000 times (1 + frac{10}{100})^2 = 50,000 times 1.1 times 1.1 = 60,500 8. The price of a commodity increases by 20%. By what percentage must a person reduce the consumption of that commodity so that the expenditure remains the same? A) 16.67%B) 17.67%C) 26.67%D) 27.67% Show Answer Correct Answer: A) 16.67%Explanation:Required reduction percentage = frac{20}{120} times 100 = 16.67% 9. A company has 40 employees. If 30% of them are women, how many women are there in the company? A) 10B) 12C) 14D) 16 Show Answer Correct Answer: B) 12Explanation:Number of women = 40 times frac{30}{100} = 12 10. If a car’s value depreciates by 15% every year, what will be the value of the car after 3 years if its present value is ₹5,00,000? A) ₹3,52,000B) ₹3,57,125C) ₹3,57,725D) ₹3,75,000 Show Answer Correct Answer: B) ₹3,57,125Explanation:Value after 3 years = 5,00,000 times (1 – frac{15}{100})^3 = 5,00,000 times 0.85 times 0.85 times 0.85 = 3,57,125 11. If a person spends 70% of his income and saves ₹6,000, what is his total income? A) ₹12,000B) ₹15,000C) ₹18,000D) ₹20,000 Show Answer Correct Answer: D) ₹20,000Explanation:If 30% of income is saved, then: 0.30 times text{Income} = 6000 text{Income} = frac{6000}{0.30} = 20,000 12. A student scored 56 marks, which is 70% of the total marks. How many more marks does the student need to score 85%? A) 10B) 12C) 15D) 18 Show Answer Correct Answer: B) 12Explanation:Total marks = frac{56}{0.70} = 80 To score 85%: 0.85 times 80 = 68 Marks needed = 68 – 56 = 12 13. A price is increased by 20% and then decreased by 25%. What is the net percentage change in price? A) 5% decreaseB) 10% decreaseC) 5% increaseD) 10% increase Show Answer Correct Answer: A) 5% decreaseExplanation:Let the initial price be 100 .New price after a 20% increase = 100 times 1.20 = 120 Price after 25% decrease = 120 times 0.75 = 90 Net change = 100 – 90 = 10% 14. 35% of 200 is what percent of 700? A) 5%B) 10%C) 15%D) 20% Show Answer Correct Answer: B) 10%Explanation:35% of 200 = 0.35 times 200 = 70 frac{70}{700} times 100 = 10% 15. If 18% of a number is added to 45, the result is the number itself. Find the number. A) 45B) 50C) 55D) 60 Show Answer Correct Answer: D) 60Explanation:Let the number be x . 0.18x + 45 = x x = 60 16. The population of a town increased by 10% in the first year and decreased by 5% in the second year. What is the net percentage change in population over the two years? A) 4.5% increaseB) 4.5% decreaseC) 5% increaseD) 5% decrease Show Answer Correct Answer: A) 4.5% increaseExplanation:Net change = 10 – 5 – frac{(10 times 5)}{100} = 4.5 Therefore, the net percentage change is a 4.5% increase. 17. A trader marks up his goods by 50% and then offers a discount of 30%. What is his overall profit or loss percentage? A) 4% profitB) 4% lossC) 5% profitD) 5% loss Show Answer Correct Answer: C) 5% profitExplanation:Let the cost price be 100 . After a 50% markup, the price becomes 150 .After a 30% discount on 150 : text{Selling Price} = 150 times 0.70 = 105 Profit = 105 – 100 = 5% 18. A number is decreased by 25% and then increased by 30%. What is the net percentage change in the number? A) 2.5% increaseB) 2.5% decreaseC) 5% increaseD) 5% decrease Show Answer Correct Answer: A) 2.5% increaseExplanation:Let the original number be 100 .After a 25% decrease, it becomes 75 .After a 30% increase: 75 times 1.30 = 97.5 Net change = 2.5% increase. 19. If a person spends 65% of his income and saves ₹7,000, what is his total income? A) ₹15,000B) ₹20,000C) ₹25,000D) ₹18,000 Show Answer Correct Answer: B) ₹20,000Explanation:If 35% of income is saved, then: 0.35 times text{Income} = 7000 text{Income} = frac{7000}{0.35} = 20,000 20. If 20% of a number is 120, what is 150% of the number? A) 720B) 800C) 900D) 600 Show Answer Correct Answer: C) 900Explanation:Let the number be x . 0.20x