MCQs on Biology [Set – 10]

MCQs on Biology [Set – 10] 1. What type of cells line the small intestine and absorb nutrients? A) Squamous epithelial cellsB) Cuboidal epithelial cellsC) Columnar epithelial cellsD) Transitional epithelial cells Show Answer Correct Answer: C) Columnar epithelial cellsExplanation: Columnar epithelial cells line the small intestine. These cells have a column-like shape and are specialized for absorption of nutrients during digestion. 2. What is the primary function of the spleen in the human body? A) To filter bloodB) To digest foodC) To regulate blood sugarD) To produce bile Show Answer Correct Answer: A) To filter bloodExplanation: The spleen plays multiple supporting roles in the body. It acts as a filter for blood as part of the immune system. Old red blood cells are recycled in the spleen, and platelets and white blood cells are stored there. The spleen also helps fight certain kinds of bacteria that cause pneumonia and meningitis. 3. Which gland is affected by the autoimmune disorder known as Graves’ disease? A) PancreasB) ThyroidC) AdrenalD) Pituitary Show Answer Correct Answer: B) ThyroidExplanation: Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder that affects the thyroid gland, causing it to become overactive, which is known as hyperthyroidism. It often results in an enlarged thyroid. 4. What is the term for the production of light by living organisms as seen in fireflies? A) BioluminescenceB) FluorescenceC) PhosphorescenceD) Chemiluminescence Show Answer Correct Answer: A) BioluminescenceExplanation: Bioluminescence is the production and emission of light by a living organism. It is a form of chemiluminescence where light energy is released by a chemical reaction. This phenomenon is found in various marine organisms such as bacteria, algae, jellyfish, worms, crustaceans, sea stars, fish, and sharks as well as terrestrial invertebrates such as fireflies. 5. Which part of the flower contains the ovary that develops into seeds after fertilization? A) StamenB) PetalC) PistilD) Sepal Show Answer Correct Answer: C) PistilExplanation: The pistil is the female part of the flower where the ovary is located. After fertilization, the ovary develops into seeds. 6. What type of joints are found between bones that do not have any movement? A) Hinge jointsB) Ball and socket jointsC) Fixed jointsD) Pivot joints Show Answer Correct Answer: C) Fixed jointsExplanation: Fixed joints, or fibrous joints, are where the bones are interlocked and held together by dense connective tissue and allow no movement between the bones. An example is the joints between the skull bones. 7. Which organ is responsible for removing nitrogenous wastes from the body? A) LiverB) LungsC) SkinD) Kidneys Show Answer Correct Answer: D) KidneysExplanation: The kidneys are responsible for removing waste products and excess substances from the blood through the formation of urine. This includes the filtration and elimination of nitrogenous wastes such as urea and ammonia. 8. What is the double-layered membrane that covers the outer surface of the organs within the abdominal cavity? A) PeritoneumB) PleuraC) PericardiumD) Mesothelium Show Answer Correct Answer: A) PeritoneumExplanation: The peritoneum is the serous membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity or the coelom—it covers most of the intra-abdominal (or coelomic) organs. It is composed of a layer of mesothelium supported by a thin layer of connective tissue. 9. What is the process by which plants lose water vapor through the stomata in their leaves? A) RespirationB) TranspirationC) PhotosynthesisD) Condensation Show Answer Correct Answer: B) TranspirationExplanation: Transpiration is the process by which moisture is carried through plants from roots to small pores on the underside of leaves, where it changes to vapor and is released to the atmosphere. 10. Which cells in the blood are primarily responsible for transporting oxygen to the body tissues? A) PlateletsB) White blood cellsC) Red blood cellsD) Stem cells Show Answer Correct Answer: C) Red blood cellsExplanation: Red blood cells, or erythrocytes, are the most common type of blood cell and the body’s principal means of delivering oxygen to the body tissues via blood flow through the circulatory system. They do this through a protein molecule called hemoglobin, which binds oxygen. 11. What is the function of bile in the digestive system? A) To neutralize stomach acidB) To break down proteinsC) To emulsify fatsD) To absorb vitamins Show Answer Correct Answer: C) To emulsify fatsExplanation: Bile, a digestive fluid produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, aids in the digestion of lipids in the small intestine. It mainly helps to emulsify fats, increasing their surface area to enhance lipase activity. 12. Which gland in the body regulates metabolism through the release of hormones? A) Adrenal glandB) Thyroid glandC) Pineal glandD) Pituitary gland Show Answer Correct Answer: B) Thyroid glandExplanation: The thyroid gland plays a major role in the metabolism, growth, and development of the human body. It regulates metabolic rate by releasing hormones. 13. What is the term for the passive movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration? A) OsmosisB) Active transportC) DiffusionD) Filtration Show Answer Correct Answer: C) DiffusionExplanation: Diffusion is the net passive movement of particles (atoms, ions or molecules) from a region in which they are in higher concentration to regions of lower concentration. It continues until the concentration of substances is uniform throughout. 14. What is the role of the stomata in plant leaves? A) To capture sunlightB) To store nutrientsC) To conserve waterD) To exchange gases Show Answer Correct Answer: D) To exchange gasesExplanation: Stomata are small openings on the surface of leaves that allow for gas exchange. Carbon dioxide enters, while water vapor and oxygen exit, necessary for photosynthesis. 15. What type of muscle tissue can be voluntarily controlled? A) Smooth muscleB) Cardiac muscleC) Skeletal muscleD) Elastic muscle Show Answer Correct Answer: C) Skeletal muscleExplanation: Skeletal muscle is the muscle tissue that can be voluntarily controlled. It is attached to bones and is responsible for their movement. 16. Which layer of the human skin is responsible for the generation of new skin cells? A) EpidermisB) DermisC) HypodermisD) Stratum basale Show Answer Correct Answer: D) Stratum basaleExplanation: The stratum basale, also known as the basal layer, is the deepest layer of the five layers of the epidermis, which is the outer covering of skin in mammals. It is responsible for the generation of new

MCQs on Biology [Set – 9]

MCQs Static GK, MCQs Biology

MCQs on Biology [Set – 9] 1. What is the process of cellular eating, where a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells? A) PhagocytosisB) PinocytosisC) ExocytosisD) Endocytosis Show Answer Correct Answer: A) PhagocytosisExplanation: Phagocytosis is the process by which a cell—often a phagocyte or a protist—engulfs a solid particle to form an internal compartment known as a phagosome. It is involved in the acquisition of nutrients for some cells. 2. Which gland is referred to as the master gland that controls many other glands in the endocrine system? A) Thyroid glandB) Pineal glandC) Pituitary glandD) Adrenal gland Show Answer Correct Answer: C) Pituitary glandExplanation: The pituitary gland, or hypophysis, is an endocrine gland about the size of a pea and weighing 0.5 grams (0.018 oz) in humans. It is a protrusion off the bottom of the hypothalamus at the base of the brain. The pituitary gland secretes hormones regulating homeostasis, including trophic hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands. 3. What type of tissue is blood classified as? A) Connective tissueB) Epithelial tissueC) Muscle tissueD) Nervous tissue Show Answer Correct Answer: A) Connective tissueExplanation: Blood is considered a connective tissue because it has a matrix. The living cell types are red blood cells, also called erythrocytes, and white blood cells, also called leukocytes. The fluid portion of whole blood, its matrix, is commonly called plasma. 4. Which vitamin is required for the conversion of light into electrical signals in the retina of the eye? A) Vitamin AB) Vitamin B12C) Vitamin CD) Vitamin D Show Answer Correct Answer: A) Vitamin AExplanation: Vitamin A plays a crucial role in the conversion of light energy into electrical signals in the retina of the eye. This process is vital for good vision, especially in low-light conditions. 5. Which type of cell division results in the formation of gametes? A) MitosisB) MeiosisC) Binary fissionD) Budding Show Answer Correct Answer: B) MeiosisExplanation: Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces four gamete cells. This process is required to produce egg and sperm cells for sexual reproduction. 6. What is the term for the loss of water from the leaves of plants? A) CondensationB) PrecipitationC) TranspirationD) Evaporation Show Answer Correct Answer: C) TranspirationExplanation: Transpiration is the process by which moisture is carried through plants from roots to small pores on the underside of leaves, where it changes to vapor and is released to the atmosphere. 7. Which organ in the human body produces insulin? A) LiverB) PancreasC) KidneyD) Stomach Show Answer Correct Answer: B) PancreasExplanation: The pancreas produces insulin, a hormone that helps to regulate blood sugar levels by allowing glucose to be taken up into cells. 8. Which organ system includes the bones, cartilages, and ligaments? A) Muscular systemB) Endocrine systemC) Nervous systemD) Skeletal system Show Answer Correct Answer: D) Skeletal systemExplanation: The skeletal system includes all of the bones and joints in the body. Each bone is a complex living organ that is made up of many cells, protein fibers, and minerals. 9. What type of muscle is the heart composed of? A) Smooth muscleB) Cardiac muscleC) Skeletal muscleD) Elastic muscle Show Answer Correct Answer: B) Cardiac muscleExplanation: The heart is composed of a special type of muscle called cardiac muscle that has the ability to contract and relax through the life of the person without ever becoming fatigued. 10. What are the small blood vessels that connect arteries to veins called? A) CapillariesB) ArteriolesC) VenulesD) Sinusoids Show Answer Correct Answer: A) CapillariesExplanation: Capillaries are the smallest of a body’s blood vessels and are part of its microcirculation. Their endothelial linings are only one cell layer thick. Capillaries connect to arterioles on one end and venules on the other. 11. What is the term used to describe a disease-causing organism? A) PathogenB) AntibioticC) VaccineD) Antigen Show Answer Correct Answer: A) PathogenExplanation: A pathogen or infectious agent is a biological agent that causes disease or illness to its host. The term is most often used for agents that disrupt the normal physiology of a multicellular animal or plant. 12. Which structure in the human body is primarily responsible for the exchange of gases between the blood and the air in the lungs? A) TracheaB) BronchiC) AlveoliD) Larynx Show Answer Correct Answer: C) AlveoliExplanation: Alveoli are tiny sacs within our lungs that allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to move between the lungs and bloodstream. The alveoli are where the lungs and the blood exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide during the process of breathing in and breathing out. 13. Which hormone stimulates the release of glucose from glycogen in the liver? A) InsulinB) GlucagonC) AdrenalineD) Cortisol Show Answer Correct Answer: B) GlucagonExplanation: Glucagon is a peptide hormone, produced by alpha cells of the pancreas, that raises the concentration of glucose in the bloodstream. Its effect is opposite that of insulin, which lowers the glucose concentration. 14. What is the term used to describe an organism that lives on or in a host organism and gets its food from or at the expense of its host? A) CommensalB) MutualisticC) ParasiticD) Symbiotic Show Answer Correct Answer: C) ParasiticExplanation: A parasite is an organism that lives on or in a host organism and gets its food from or at the expense of its host. There are three main classes of parasites that can cause disease in humans: protozoa, helminths, and ectoparasites. 15. What is the primary function of the ovaries in the female reproductive system? A) To produce eggsB) To produce hormonesC) Both A and BD) To support embryo development Show Answer Correct Answer: C) Both A and BExplanation: The ovaries are a pair of female reproductive organs located in the pelvis, one on each side of the uterus. The ovaries produce eggs and hormones including estrogen and progesterone. 16. Which part of the neuron transmits signals away from the neuron’s cell body? A) AxonB) DendritesC) NucleusD) Soma Show Answer Correct Answer: A) AxonExplanation: The axon is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that typically conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron’s cell body. The function of the axon is to transmit information to different

MCQs on Biology [Set – 8]

MCQs Static GK, MCQs Biology

MCQs on Biology [Set – 8] 1. What is the study of the function of body parts and the body as a whole? A) AnatomyB) PhysiologyC) BiochemistryD) Genetics Show Answer Correct Answer: B) PhysiologyExplanation: Physiology is the scientific study of functions in living systems, including how organisms, organ systems, organs, cells, and biomolecules carry out the chemical and physical functions in a living system. 2. Which part of the brain controls hunger and satiety? A) CerebellumB) Medulla oblongataC) HypothalamusD) Amygdala Show Answer Correct Answer: C) HypothalamusExplanation: The hypothalamus is a part of the brain that regulates a number of homeostatic processes, including hunger and satiety. It responds to levels of food intake, hormones, and other signals related to energy balance. 3. Which component of the blood is primarily responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the body’s tissues? A) PlateletsB) White blood cellsC) Red blood cellsD) Plasma Show Answer Correct Answer: C) Red blood cellsExplanation: Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, an iron-containing protein, which binds oxygen and carries it from the lungs to the tissues of the body. 4. What type of reproductive strategy involves the development of a new plant from the parts of an existing plant? A) Sexual reproductionB) Asexual reproductionC) PollinationD) Germination Show Answer Correct Answer: B) Asexual reproductionExplanation: Asexual reproduction in plants involves the development of new plants from the parts of existing plants without the involvement of reproductive organs or the union of gametes. 5. Which hormone regulates the salt and water balance in the body? A) AdrenalineB) CortisolC) AldosteroneD) Insulin Show Answer Correct Answer: C) AldosteroneExplanation: Aldosterone is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex; it regulates salt and water balance by increasing the reabsorption of ions and water in the kidney, increasing blood volume and blood pressure. 6. What is the term used to describe the complete sequence of events in an organism’s growth and development? A) MetabolismB) CatabolismC) AnabolismD) Life cycle Show Answer Correct Answer: D) Life cycleExplanation: A life cycle is a series of changes in form that an organism undergoes, returning to the starting state. It is the complete sequence of events in development from the end of one generation to the same stage in the next generation. 7. What type of cell division is used for growth and repair in multicellular organisms? A) MeiosisB) MitosisC) Binary fissionD) Fragmentation Show Answer Correct Answer: B) MitosisExplanation: Mitosis is the type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth. 8. Which structure in the cell is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids? A) Smooth endoplasmic reticulumB) Rough endoplasmic reticulumC) Golgi apparatusD) Lysosomes Show Answer Correct Answer: A) Smooth endoplasmic reticulumExplanation: The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the synthesis of lipids, including oils, phospholipids, and steroids. 9. What is the term used to describe the movement of water from the roots to the leaves of a plant? A) TranslocationB) TranspirationC) RespirationD) Photosynthesis Show Answer Correct Answer: B) TranspirationExplanation: Transpiration is the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, such as leaves, stems and flowers. 10. What is the main function of the eyelids in humans? A) To seeB) To detect lightC) To protect the eyesD) To produce tears Show Answer Correct Answer: C) To protect the eyesExplanation: The eyelids protect the eyes from foreign bodies and excessive light, and spread lubrication (tears) across the eyeball to keep it moist. 11. Which gland secretes the hormone responsible for lowering blood calcium levels? A) Parathyroid glandB) Thyroid glandC) Adrenal glandD) Pituitary gland Show Answer Correct Answer: B) Thyroid glandExplanation: The thyroid gland secretes calcitonin, which helps to regulate calcium levels in the blood by decreasing the levels when they are too high. 12. Which hormone is primarily involved in the regulation of the menstrual cycle and pregnancy? A) ProgesteroneB) TestosteroneC) InsulinD) Thyroxine Show Answer Correct Answer: A) ProgesteroneExplanation: Progesterone is a hormone released by the ovaries. Changing levels of progesterone play a significant role in regulating the menstrual cycle and maintaining pregnancy. 13. Which part of the digestive system is responsible for absorbing proteins and fats? A) StomachB) Small intestineC) Large intestineD) Liver Show Answer Correct Answer: B) Small intestineExplanation: The small intestine is responsible for absorbing nutrients from food, including proteins and fats, into the bloodstream. 14. What type of blood cell is primarily involved in the immune response by producing antibodies? A) ErythrocytesB) PlateletsC) LymphocytesD) Monocytes Show Answer Correct Answer: C) LymphocytesExplanation: Lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, play an integral role in the immune system by producing antibodies that are used to attack and destroy foreign substances. 15. What is the main structural framework of the cell? A) Cell membraneB) NucleusC) CytoplasmD) Cytoskeleton Show Answer Correct Answer: D) CytoskeletonExplanation: The cytoskeleton is a network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement. 16. Which cellular process involves the division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells? A) MitosisB) MeiosisC) CytokinesisD) Apoptosis Show Answer Correct Answer: C) CytokinesisExplanation: Cytokinesis is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually occurs concurrently with the final stage of mitosis (mitotic phase) and meiosis, processes that separate the nucleus. 17. What type of organism derives its nutrition from the decaying organic matter? A) AutotrophB) HerbivoreC) CarnivoreD) Decomposer Show Answer Correct Answer: D) DecomposerExplanation: Decomposers are organisms that break down dead or decaying organisms, and in doing so, they carry out the natural process of decomposition. Like herbivores and predators, decomposers are heterotrophic, meaning that they use organic substrates to get their energy, carbon and nutrients for growth and development. 18. Which part of the cell contains enzymes that break down cell waste and debris? A) LysosomeB) RibosomeC) MitochondrionD) Golgi apparatus Show Answer Correct Answer: A) LysosomeExplanation: Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles found in animal cells. They are spherical vesicles that contain hydrolytic enzymes that can break down many kinds of biomolecules. They are involved in various cell processes, including the digestion and removal

MCQs on Biology [Set – 7]

MCQs Static GK, MCQs Biology

MCQs on Biology [Set – 7] 1. Which structure in the human body is responsible for maintaining balance? A) CerebrumB) CerebellumC) Medulla oblongataD) Spinal cord Show Answer Correct Answer: B) CerebellumExplanation: The cerebellum is part of the brain that regulates motor movements. It is responsible for balance, coordination, and posture. 2. What is the basic unit of structure and function in living organisms? A) AtomB) MoleculeC) CellD) Tissue Show Answer Correct Answer: C) CellExplanation: The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in all living organisms, serving as the building blocks of life. 3. Which vitamin is essential for the blood clotting process? A) Vitamin AB) Vitamin B12C) Vitamin CD) Vitamin K Show Answer Correct Answer: D) Vitamin KExplanation: Vitamin K is crucial for synthesizing proteins that mediate the blood clotting process. 4. What is the name of the process by which plants absorb light to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen? A) Cellular respirationB) PhotosynthesisC) FermentationD) Transpiration Show Answer Correct Answer: B) PhotosynthesisExplanation: Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize nutrients from carbon dioxide and water. 5. Which gland produces melatonin, which regulates sleep patterns? A) Pineal glandB) Pituitary glandC) Thyroid glandD) Adrenal gland Show Answer Correct Answer: A) Pineal glandExplanation: The pineal gland produces melatonin, which helps regulate sleep-wake cycles, commonly known as circadian rhythms. 6. What type of bond holds the two strands of DNA together, making up the ‘steps’ of the DNA ladder? A) Ionic bondsB) Covalent bondsC) Hydrogen bondsD) Van der Waals forces Show Answer Correct Answer: C) Hydrogen bondsExplanation: Hydrogen bonds hold the two strands of DNA together in the helix, stabilizing the DNA structure. 7. Which organ system is primarily responsible for transporting oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and cellular waste products throughout the body? A) Digestive systemB) Circulatory systemC) Nervous systemD) Respiratory system Show Answer Correct Answer: B) Circulatory systemExplanation: The circulatory system transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and wastes through blood circulated by the heart through a network of vessels. 8. Which part of the cell cycle is characterized by the duplication of DNA? A) G1 phaseB) S phaseC) G2 phaseD) M phase Show Answer Correct Answer: B) S phaseExplanation: The S phase (synthesis phase) is the part of the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated, occurring between the G1 phase and the G2 phase. 9. What type of immune cell plays a crucial role in the body’s allergic response and in fighting parasitic infections? A) T cellsB) B cellsC) MacrophagesD) Eosinophils Show Answer Correct Answer: D) EosinophilsExplanation: Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell that are particularly important in combating parasitic infections and are also involved in the body’s allergic response mechanisms. 10. Which hormone is released by the adrenal glands and plays a key role in the fight-or-flight response? A) AdrenalineB) CortisolC) InsulinD) Estrogen Show Answer Correct Answer: A) AdrenalineExplanation: Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is released by the adrenal glands and plays a significant role in the fight-or-flight response by increasing blood flow to muscles, output of the heart, pupil dilation, and blood sugar. 11. What is the function of the myelin sheath in neurons? A) To transmit nerve impulsesB) To protect and insulate the axonC) To increase the speed of nerve impulse transmissionD) Both B and C Show Answer Correct Answer: D) Both B and CExplanation: The myelin sheath is a fatty layer that covers the axons of many neurons, serving as insulation and increasing the speed at which nerve impulses are conducted. 12. Which type of muscle tissue can be found in the walls of blood vessels and helps regulate the blood flow? A) Skeletal muscleB) Cardiac muscleC) Smooth muscleD) Elastic muscle Show Answer Correct Answer: C) Smooth muscleExplanation: Smooth muscle tissue is found in the walls of blood vessels and helps regulate the blood flow by contracting and relaxing under involuntary control. 13. What is the term used to describe organisms that can make their own food using light or chemical energy? A) HeterotrophsB) AutotrophsC) DecomposersD) Omnivores Show Answer Correct Answer: B) AutotrophsExplanation: Autotrophs are organisms that can synthesize their own food from inorganic substances using light or chemical energy, such as plants and some bacteria. 14. Which type of connective tissue acts as a “shock absorber” for joints and is found in the knee and between intervertebral discs? A) CartilageB) BoneC) Adipose tissueD) Ligament Show Answer Correct Answer: A) CartilageExplanation: Cartilage is a flexible yet strong type of connective tissue found in various parts of the body, including the joints, where it acts as a cushion to prevent bones from rubbing against each other. 15. What are the building blocks of proteins? A) NucleotidesB) Amino acidsC) Fatty acidsD) Monosaccharides Show Answer Correct Answer: B) Amino acidsExplanation: Amino acids are organic compounds that combine to form proteins, the building blocks of life. 16. Which organ system is responsible for the elimination of waste products from the body through urine? A) Respiratory systemB) Digestive systemC) Urinary systemD) Circulatory system Show Answer Correct Answer: C) Urinary systemExplanation: The urinary system, also known as the renal system, consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. It eliminates waste from the body, regulates blood volume and blood pressure, controls levels of electrolytes and metabolites, and regulates blood pH. 17. What type of plant tissue is responsible for transporting water and nutrients from the roots to the rest of the plant? A) ParenchymaB) CollenchymaC) SclerenchymaD) Xylem Show Answer Correct Answer: D) XylemExplanation: Xylem is a type of tissue in vascular plants that transports water and dissolved nutrients upwards from the roots to the rest of the plant. 18. Which process in the water cycle involves the change of water from a gas to a liquid? A) EvaporationB) CondensationC) PrecipitationD) Transpiration Show Answer Correct Answer: B) CondensationExplanation: Condensation is the process by which water vapor in the air is changed into liquid water, forming clouds and eventually leading to precipitation. 19. What is the function of the large intestine in the human digestive system? A) To digest foodB) To absorb nutrientsC) To absorb waterD) To produce enzymes Show Answer Correct Answer: C) To absorb waterExplanation: The primary function of the large intestine is to absorb

MCQs on Biology [Set – 6]

MCQs Static GK, MCQs Biology

MCQs on Biology [Set – 6] 1. What type of immunity results from recovery from an infection or through vaccinations? A) Innate immunityB) Passive immunityC) Adaptive immunityD) Cellular immunity Show Answer Correct Answer: C) Adaptive immunityExplanation: Adaptive immunity is a type of immunity that develops after exposure to a specific pathogen. Recovery from an infection and vaccinations lead to the development of memory cells that are specific to that pathogen, providing long-term protection. 2. What is the term used to describe the movement of solvent molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration? A) DiffusionB) OsmosisC) Active transportD) Filtration Show Answer Correct Answer: B) OsmosisExplanation: Osmosis is the movement of solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a region of low solute concentration to a region of high solute concentration until equilibrium is reached. 3. Which structure in the human cell is responsible for breaking down and recycling cellular waste? A) MitochondriaB) RibosomesC) Golgi apparatusD) Lysosomes Show Answer Correct Answer: D) LysosomesExplanation: Lysosomes are organelles that contain digestive enzymes. They break down excess or worn-out cell parts. They may be used to destroy invading viruses and bacteria. 4. What is the primary function of hemoglobin in the blood? A) To fight infectionsB) To carry oxygenC) To clot bloodD) To remove waste products Show Answer Correct Answer: B) To carry oxygenExplanation: Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and returns carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs. 5. What type of cells in the human body are primarily involved in protecting the body against infectious disease and foreign invaders? A) Red blood cellsB) White blood cellsC) PlateletsD) Plasma cells Show Answer Correct Answer: B) White blood cellsExplanation: White blood cells, or leukocytes, are the cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders. 6. What is the primary role of the stomach in the digestive system? A) To digest foodB) To absorb nutrientsC) To store undigested foodD) To produce bile Show Answer Correct Answer: A) To digest foodExplanation: The stomach plays a primary role in the digestive system by secreting acid and enzymes that digest food. Ridges of muscle tissue called rugae line the stomach. The stomach muscles contract periodically, churning food to enhance digestion. The pyloric sphincter is a muscular valve that opens to allow food to pass from the stomach to the small intestine. 7. Which part of the cell contains chromatin? A) MitochondriaB) NucleolusC) NucleusD) Endoplasmic reticulum Show Answer Correct Answer: C) NucleusExplanation: The nucleus is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Inside its fully enclosed nuclear membrane, it contains the majority of the cell’s genetic material. This material is organized as DNA molecules, along with a variety of proteins, to form chromosomes. 8. What is the term for a group of organisms of one species that interbreed and live in the same place at the same time? A) EcosystemB) CommunityC) PopulationD) Biome Show Answer Correct Answer: C) PopulationExplanation: A population refers to a group of individuals belonging to the same species that live in the same region at the same time. 9. Which tissue type in the human body forms the brain, spinal cord, and nerves? A) Connective tissueB) Nervous tissueC) Muscle tissueD) Epithelial tissue Show Answer Correct Answer: B) Nervous tissueExplanation: Nervous tissue is the main tissue component of the two parts of the nervous system; the brain and spinal cord of the central nervous system (CNS), and the branching peripheral nerves of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which regulates and controls bodily functions and activity. 10. What is the process in which a cell divides into two new identical cells called? A) MitosisB) MeiosisC) Binary fissionD) Fragmentation Show Answer Correct Answer: A) MitosisExplanation: Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle when replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is preceded by the S stage of interphase (during which the DNA is replicated) and is often accompanied or followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles, and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. 11. Which structure does light pass through after entering the eye? A) LensB) RetinaC) PupilD) Optic nerve Show Answer Correct Answer: C) PupilExplanation: The pupil is a hole located in the center of the iris of the eye that allows light to strike the retina. It appears black because most of the light entering the pupil is absorbed by the tissues inside the eye. 12. What are enzymes made of? A) CarbohydratesB) LipidsC) ProteinsD) Nucleic acids Show Answer Correct Answer: C) ProteinsExplanation: Enzymes are biological molecules (typically proteins) that significantly speed up the rate of virtually all of the chemical reactions that take place within cells. 13. What type of cell lacks a defined nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles? A) Eukaryotic cellB) Prokaryotic cellC) Animal cellD) Plant cell Show Answer Correct Answer: B) Prokaryotic cellExplanation: Prokaryotic cells are not structured like eukaryotic cells; they have no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. 14. Which part of the plant absorbs most of the water and nutrients needed for growth? A) LeavesB) FlowersC) StemsD) Roots Show Answer Correct Answer: D) RootsExplanation: Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil and anchor the plant in the ground. 15. What is the term used for the transfer of pollen from anther to stigma? A) FertilizationB) PollinationC) GerminationD) Photosynthesis Show Answer Correct Answer: B) PollinationExplanation: Pollination is the process by which pollen is transferred from the anther (male part) to the stigma (female part) of the plant, leading to fertilization. 16. Which type of cells are primarily affected by HIV? A) Red blood cellsB) PlateletsC) T cellsD) Nerve cells Show Answer Correct Answer: C) T cellsExplanation: HIV primarily targets T cells, specifically CD4+ T cells, which are crucial in the immune system’s response to infection. 17. Which hormone helps regulate the amount of glucose in the blood? A) AdrenalineB) InsulinC) EstrogenD) Thyroxine Show Answer Correct Answer: B) InsulinExplanation: Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps regulate blood

MCQs on Biology [Set – 5]

MCQs Static GK, MCQs Biology

MCQs on Biology [Set – 5] 1. Which vitamin is necessary for the synthesis of visual pigments in the retina? A) Vitamin AB) Vitamin BC) Vitamin CD) Vitamin D Show Answer Correct Answer: A) Vitamin AExplanation: Vitamin A is crucial for the maintenance of normal vision, particularly for the synthesis of rhodopsin, the visual pigment in the retina that is essential for low-light (night) vision. 2. What type of blood vessel carries oxygen-rich blood away from the heart? A) VeinB) ArteryC) CapillaryD) Valve Show Answer Correct Answer: B) ArteryExplanation: Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the various parts of the body. 3. Which organ in the human body is primarily responsible for the synthesis of cholesterol? A) PancreasB) LiverC) KidneyD) Heart Show Answer Correct Answer: B) LiverExplanation: The liver is the main site for the synthesis and metabolism of cholesterol and other vital substances. 4. What is the term used to describe the death of tissue due to lack of blood supply? A) NecrosisB) ApoptosisC) InfarctionD) Hypoxia Show Answer Correct Answer: C) InfarctionExplanation: Infarction is the process of tissue death (necrosis) that occurs when blood supply to that tissue is halted, as seen in heart attacks and strokes. 5. Which organ is the last part of the digestive system, where water is absorbed and feces are formed? A) Small intestineB) Large intestineC) StomachD) Liver Show Answer Correct Answer: B) Large intestineExplanation: The large intestine is responsible for the absorption of water and salts from the remaining indigestible food matter and the formation of solid waste (feces). 6. What type of immune response is characterized by the production of antibodies by B cells? A) Humoral immunityB) Cell-mediated immunityC) Innate immunityD) Passive immunity Show Answer Correct Answer: A) Humoral immunityExplanation: Humoral immunity involves the production of antibodies by B cells. Antibodies bind to antigens on pathogens, marking them for destruction. 7. What is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney? A) NephronB) GlomerulusC) Renal pyramidD) Ureter Show Answer Correct Answer: A) NephronExplanation: The nephron is the microscopic structural and functional unit of the kidney. It is involved in the process of filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is needed, and excreting the rest as urine. 8. Which hormone is primarily involved in the fight-or-flight response? A) CortisolB) InsulinC) AdrenalineD) Oxytocin Show Answer Correct Answer: C) Adrenaline Explanation: Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is released by the adrenal glands and plays a significant role in the fight-or-flight response by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and energy supplies. 9. What is the primary function of the human skeletal system? A) To produce blood cellsB) To protect internal organsC) To provide support and enable movementD) All of the above Show Answer Correct Answer: D) All of the aboveExplanation: The skeletal system provides structural support, protects internal organs, anchors muscles, and stores calcium. It also produces blood cells in the bone marrow. 10. Which structure acts as a selectively permeable barrier, controlling the entry and exit of substances in and out of the cell? A) Cell wallB) Cell membraneC) NucleusD) Cytoplasm Show Answer Correct Answer: B) Cell membraneExplanation: The cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, functions as a selectively permeable barrier that regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell. 11. What is the term for a community of organisms and their physical environment interacting as an ecological unit? A) EcosystemB) BiosphereC) PopulationD) Community Show Answer Correct Answer: A) EcosystemExplanation: An ecosystem includes all the living things (plants, animals, organisms) in a given area, interacting with each other, and also with their non-living environments (weather, earth, sun, soil, climate, atmosphere). 12. Which structure in the vertebrate eye adjusts the diameter and size of the pupil? A) IrisB) RetinaC) CorneaD) Lens Show Answer Correct Answer: A) IrisExplanation: The iris is the thin, circular structure in the eye, responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupil and thus the amount of light reaching the retina. 13. What is the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water? A) ChemosynthesisB) PhotosynthesisC) RespirationD) Fermentation Show Answer Correct Answer: B) PhotosynthesisExplanation: Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms’ activities. 14. Which part of the brain is involved in hearing and language? A) Frontal lobeB) Parietal lobeC) Temporal lobeD) Occipital lobe Show Answer Correct Answer: C) Temporal lobeExplanation: The temporal lobe is one of the four main lobes of the cerebral cortex in the brain. It is involved in processing sensory input into derived meanings for the appropriate retention of visual memory, language comprehension, and emotion association. 15. What is the main function of the digestive enzyme amylase? A) To break down proteinsB) To break down lipidsC) To break down carbohydratesD) To break down nucleic acids Show Answer Correct Answer: C) To break down carbohydratesExplanation: Amylase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch into sugars. It is present in the saliva of humans and some other mammals, where it begins the chemical process of digestion. 16. Which type of blood cells play an important role in clotting? A) Red blood cellsB) White blood cellsC) Plasma cellsD) Platelets Show Answer Correct Answer: D) PlateletsExplanation: Platelets, also called thrombocytes, are a component of blood whose function (along with the coagulation factors) is to stop bleeding by clumping and clotting blood vessel injuries. 17. Which gland secretes hormones that regulate growth, metabolism, and sexual development? A) Adrenal glandB) Pineal glandC) Pituitary glandD) Thyroid gland Show Answer Correct Answer: C) Pituitary glandExplanation: The pituitary gland, often called the “master gland,” influences many other glandular functions in the body. Its anterior lobe releases hormones that regulate sexual development, thyroid function, growth, skin pigmentation, and adrenocortical function. 18. What type of cells in the human body can develop into many different cell types, from muscle cells to brain cells? A) Differentiated cellsB) Stem cellsC) Nerve cellsD) Epithelial cells Show Answer Correct Answer: B) Stem cellsExplanation: Stem cells are undifferentiated cells capable of giving rise to indefinitely more cells of the same type, and from which certain other

MCQs on Biology [Set – 4]

MCQs Static GK, MCQs Biology

MCQs on Biology [Set – 4] 1. What is the primary site of nutrient absorption in the human digestive system? A) StomachB) Small intestineC) Large intestineD) Esophagus Show Answer Correct Answer: B) Small intestineExplanation: The small intestine is the major site of digestion and absorption of nutrients, facilitated by its large surface area due to villi and microvilli. 2. Which structure in the neuron sends signals to other neurons? A) DendritesB) AxonC) NucleusD) Cell body Show Answer Correct Answer: B) AxonExplanation: The axon is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell that conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron’s cell body or soma to other neurons, muscles, or glands. 3. What type of connective tissue binds bones together at joints? A) TendonsB) LigamentsC) CartilageD) Muscle Show Answer Correct Answer: B) LigamentsExplanation: Ligaments are strong, elastic bands of connective tissue that connect bones at joints, providing stability and supporting movement. 4. Which cellular process involves the transport of materials against a concentration gradient, requiring energy? A) DiffusionB) OsmosisC) Active transportD) Passive transport Show Answer Correct Answer: C) Active transportExplanation: Active transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration—against the concentration gradient, requiring energy in the form of ATP. 5. What is an example of a prokaryotic organism? A) HumanB) MushroomC) BacteriaD) Fern Show Answer Correct Answer: C) BacteriaExplanation: Bacteria are prokaryotic organisms, characterized by the absence of a distinct nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. 6. Which organ is primarily responsible for the detoxification of harmful substances in the body? A) KidneyB) LiverC) SpleenD) Pancreas Show Answer Correct Answer: B) LiverExplanation: The liver plays a key role in detoxifying harmful substances, metabolizing drugs, and processing waste products. 7. What is the basic unit of life? A) OrganB) TissueC) CellD) Organ system Show Answer Correct Answer: C) CellExplanation: The cell is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms. 8. Which vitamin deficiency leads to the disease scurvy? A) Vitamin AB) Vitamin B12C) Vitamin CD) Vitamin D Show Answer Correct Answer: C) Vitamin CExplanation: Scurvy is caused by a deficiency in vitamin C, which is necessary for the synthesis of collagen in humans. 9. Which blood type is considered the universal donor? A) Type AB) Type BC) Type ABD) Type O Show Answer Correct Answer: D) Type OExplanation: Type O blood is considered the universal donor because it lacks A and B antigens on the surface of its red blood cells, reducing the risk of immune rejection. 10. What is the term for the loss of water from a plant through its leaves? A) TranspirationB) RespirationC) PhotosynthesisD) Condensation Show Answer Correct Answer: A) TranspirationExplanation: Transpiration is the process by which moisture is carried through plants from roots to small pores on the underside of leaves, where it changes to vapor and is released to the atmosphere. 11. Which part of the human digestive system is primarily involved in water absorption? A) Small intestineB) StomachC) Large intestineD) Esophagus Show Answer Correct Answer: C) Large intestineExplanation: The large intestine primarily absorbs water from undigested food particles, aiding in the formation of solid waste. 12. Which hormone regulates the sleep-wake cycle and is affected by light exposure? A) AdrenalineB) InsulinC) MelatoninD) Estrogen Show Answer Correct Answer: C) MelatoninExplanation: Melatonin, produced by the pineal gland in the brain, is influenced by the light-dark cycle and regulates the sleep-wake cycle. 13. Which type of immune cell is responsible for the body’s response to allergens? A) MacrophagesB) B cellsC) T cellsD) Mast cells Show Answer Correct Answer: D) Mast cellsExplanation: Mast cells play a key role in the inflammatory process and are involved in the body’s allergic responses by releasing histamine and other chemicals. 14. What process describes the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration? A) DiffusionB) OsmosisC) Active transportD) Filtration Show Answer Correct Answer: B) OsmosisExplanation: Osmosis is the process by which water molecules move across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to one of higher solute concentration until equilibrium is reached. 15. What structure within the cell is responsible for producing ribosomes? A) Endoplasmic reticulumB) Golgi apparatusC) NucleolusD) Mitochondria Show Answer Correct Answer: C) NucleolusExplanation: The nucleolus is a region within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells that is responsible for ribosome biogenesis, assembling ribosomal RNA and proteins into ribosomal subunits. 16. Which gland in the body is considered the master gland because it regulates many other endocrine glands? A) Thyroid glandB) Adrenal glandC) Pituitary glandD) Pineal gland Show Answer Correct Answer: C) Pituitary glandExplanation: The pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain, produces hormones that control many other endocrine glands in the body, influencing growth, metabolism, and reproductive processes. 17. Which biological compound is the building block of proteins? A) NucleotidesB) Amino acidsC) Fatty acidsD) Monosaccharides Show Answer Correct Answer: B) Amino acidsExplanation: Amino acids are organic compounds that combine to form proteins, serving as the building blocks for protein synthesis. 18. What is the function of enzymes in biochemical reactions? A) To provide energy for reactionsB) To decrease the reaction rateC) To increase the reaction rateD) To act as substrates Show Answer Correct Answer: C) To increase the reaction rateExplanation: Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up biochemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed for the reactions to proceed. 19. Which structure is responsible for controlling the entry and exit of substances in a cell? A) Cell wallB) Cell membraneC) CytoplasmD) Nucleus Show Answer Correct Answer: B) Cell membraneExplanation: The cell membrane, or plasma membrane, regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell, maintaining homeostasis within the cell. 20. What type of bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms? A) Ionic bondB) Covalent bondC) Metallic bondD) Hydrogen bond Show Answer Correct Answer: B) Covalent bondExplanation: Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electron pairs between atoms, forming a stable balance of attractive and repulsive forces between atoms. ! Report Error Share this with your friends Solve More MCQs on Biology Back MCQs History MCQs Geography MCQs Polity MCQs Economy MCQs Physics MCQs Chemistry MCQs Biology MCQs Art and Culture MCQs

MCQs on Biology [Set – 3]

MCQs Static GK, MCQs Biology

MCQs on Biology [Set – 3] 1. Which structure connects muscles to bones? A) LigamentsB) TendonsC) CartilageD) Synovium Show Answer Correct Answer: B) TendonsExplanation: Tendons are tough bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect muscles to bones and help in movement by transmitting forces. 2. What is the primary component of the plant cell wall? A) CelluloseB) StarchC) GlycogenD) Chitin Show Answer Correct Answer: A) CelluloseExplanation: Cellulose, a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of glucose units, is the main substance in the walls of plant cells, helping to provide structural support. 3. Which gland in the human body is primarily responsible for regulating metabolism? A) PancreasB) ThyroidC) AdrenalD) Pituitary Show Answer Correct Answer: B) ThyroidExplanation: The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate the body’s metabolic rate as well as heart and digestive function, brain development, and bone maintenance. 4. What type of joint is found at the shoulder and hip? A) Hinge jointB) Pivot jointC) Ball and socket jointD) Saddle joint Show Answer Correct Answer: C) Ball and socket jointExplanation: Ball and socket joints, such as those in the shoulders and hips, allow for radial movement in almost all directions, providing a high degree of mobility. 5. What is the term used to describe a solution that has a higher osmotic pressure than the cytoplasm of a cell? A) IsotonicB) HypotonicC) HypertonicD) Plasmolysis Show Answer Correct Answer: C) HypertonicExplanation: A hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solutes compared to the cytoplasm of a cell, leading to the movement of water out of the cell. 6. Which organ system includes the spleen, thymus, and tonsils? A) Respiratory systemB) Digestive systemC) Endocrine systemD) Lymphatic system Show Answer Correct Answer: D) Lymphatic systemExplanation: The lymphatic system includes lymph nodes, lymph ducts, and organs such as the spleen, thymus, and tonsils, which are involved in protecting and maintaining the internal fluid environment by filtering and draining lymph. 7. Which type of cell division results in four genetically unique daughter cells? A) MitosisB) MeiosisC) Binary fissionD) Budding Show Answer Correct Answer: B) MeiosisExplanation: Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, creating four genetically distinct daughter cells, typically involved in producing gametes. 8. What is the study of fungi called? A) ZoologyB) BotanyC) MycologyD) Microbiology Show Answer Correct Answer: C) MycologyExplanation: Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their genetic and biochemical properties, and their use to humans. 9. Which molecule serves as the energy currency of the cell? A) GlucoseB) ATPC) DNAD) RNA Show Answer Correct Answer: B) ATPExplanation: ATP (adenosine triphosphate) acts as the main energy carrier in the cell, providing energy for cellular processes through its hydrolysis into ADP (adenosine diphosphate). 10. What is the function of chlorophyll in photosynthesis? A) It absorbs light energyB) It produces carbon dioxideC) It synthesizes sugarD) It expels oxygen Show Answer Correct Answer: A) It absorbs light energyExplanation: Chlorophyll is a pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy, which is used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen in the process of photosynthesis. 11. Which organ is not part of the human digestive system? A) StomachB) LiverC) BladderD) Intestines Show Answer Correct Answer: C) BladderExplanation: The bladder is part of the urinary system, not the digestive system. It stores urine until it is excreted from the body. 12. Which type of blood cells are primarily responsible for oxygen transport? A) White blood cellsB) Red blood cellsC) PlateletsD) Plasma cells Show Answer Correct Answer: B) Red blood cellsExplanation: Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, a protein that binds oxygen and transports it from the lungs to the rest of the body. 13. What is the primary function of the large intestine in the human digestive system? A) To absorb nutrientsB) To produce bileC) To digest foodD) To absorb water Show Answer Correct Answer: D) To absorb waterExplanation: The large intestine absorbs water and salts from the material that has not been digested as food, and is thus responsible for the formation of solid waste. 14. What genetic phenomenon results in a phenotype where both alleles are fully expressed in a heterozygous individual? A) Incomplete dominanceB) CodominanceC) Complete dominanceD) Pleiotropy Show Answer Correct Answer: B) CodominanceExplanation: In codominance, both alleles in a heterozygous combination are fully expressed, leading to a phenotype that simultaneously displays the traits of both alleles. 15. Which hormone is known as the “stress hormone”? A) AdrenalineB) CortisolC) InsulinD) Estrogen Show Answer Correct Answer: B) CortisolExplanation: Cortisol is produced in the adrenal glands and is known as the stress hormone because it helps the body respond to stress by increasing glucose synthesis and suppressing the immune system. 16. What is the term for the random movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration? A) OsmosisB) Active transportC) DiffusionD) Filtration Show Answer Correct Answer: C) DiffusionExplanation: Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration until they are evenly distributed. 17. Which part of the cell cycle is characterized by the replication of DNA? A) G1 phaseB) S phaseC) G2 phaseD) M phase Show Answer Correct Answer: B) S phaseExplanation: The S phase (synthesis phase) of the cell cycle involves the replication of DNA, preparing the cell for mitosis. 18. What type of immunity is produced by vaccination? A) Innate immunityB) Passive immunityC) Active immunityD) Cellular immunity Show Answer Correct Answer: C) Active immunityExplanation: Vaccinations stimulate the production of antibodies and memory cells, which result in active immunity, preparing the immune system to fight future infections of the same type. 19. Which part of the human eye adjusts the focus of the vision? A) IrisB) PupilC) RetinaD) Lens Show Answer Correct Answer: D) LensExplanation: The lens of the eye adjusts its shape to focus light rays onto the retina, enabling clear vision at varying distances. 20. Which gland produces the hormone melatonin, which regulates sleep-wake cycles? A) Thyroid glandB) Pineal glandC) Pituitary glandD) Adrenal gland Show Answer Correct Answer: B) Pineal glandExplanation: The pineal gland, located in the brain, secretes melatonin, which helps regulate circadian rhythms and the sleep-wake cycle. ! Report Error Share this with your friends Solve More MCQs on

MCQs on Biology [Set – 2]

MCQs Static GK, MCQs Biology

MCQs on Biology [Set – 2] 1. What organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell? A) NucleusB) MitochondrionC) RibosomeD) Golgi apparatus Show Answer Correct Answer: B) MitochondrionExplanation: The mitochondrion generates the cell’s energy by producing ATP through the process of cellular respiration. 2. Which enzyme is responsible for unzipping the DNA helix during replication? A) HelicaseB) LigaseC) PolymeraseD) Gyrase Show Answer Correct Answer: A) HelicaseExplanation: Helicase unwinds the double helix structure of the DNA, allowing each strand to be copied. 3. What type of bond is primarily responsible for the structure of water molecules? A) Ionic bondB) Covalent bondC) Hydrogen bondD) Peptide bond Show Answer Correct Answer: B) Covalent bondExplanation: Water molecules are held together by polar covalent bonds, where electrons are shared unequally between oxygen and hydrogen atoms. 4. Which part of the plant is primarily involved in photosynthesis? A) RootsB) StemsC) LeavesD) Flowers Show Answer Correct Answer: C) LeavesExplanation: Leaves contain chloroplasts, which house chlorophyll, the pigment that absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis. 5. What is the function of the lymphatic system in mammals? A) To regulate body temperatureB) To transport respiratory gasesC) To digest fatsD) To fight infections Show Answer Correct Answer: D) To fight infectionsExplanation: The lymphatic system helps to defend the body against infections by circulating lymph fluid containing immune cells throughout the body. 6. Which molecule carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome? A) tRNAB) mRNAC) rRNAD) DNA polymerase Show Answer Correct Answer: B) mRNAExplanation: mRNA (messenger RNA) transfers the genetic code needed for protein synthesis from the nucleus to the ribosome in the cytoplasm. 7. Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting? A) Vitamin AB) Vitamin B12C) Vitamin CD) Vitamin K Show Answer Correct Answer: D) Vitamin KExplanation: Vitamin K is crucial for synthesizing proteins that mediate the clotting of blood. 8. What is the term for a group of cells that perform a specific function? A) OrganB) TissueC) Organ systemD) Cellular assembly Show Answer Correct Answer: B) TissueExplanation: Tissues are groups of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function within an organism. 9. Which process in the nitrogen cycle involves the conversion of nitrogen gas into ammonia? A) NitrificationB) Nitrogen fixationC) AmmonificationD) Denitrification Show Answer Correct Answer: B) Nitrogen fixationExplanation: Nitrogen fixation is the process by which nitrogen in the Earth’s atmosphere is converted into ammonia by natural means, especially by microorganisms as part of the nitrogen cycle. 10. What is the primary purpose of cellular respiration? A) To synthesize large proteinsB) To produce energy in the form of ATPC) To eliminate waste products from the cellD) To prepare the cell for division Show Answer Correct Answer: B) To produce energy in the form of ATPExplanation: Cellular respiration is the process by which cells harvest energy from food molecules, primarily glucose, to generate ATP, which serves as a universal energy carrier in cells. 11. Which hormone regulates blood sugar levels? A) InsulinB) AdrenalineC) CortisolD) Estrogen Show Answer Correct Answer: A) InsulinExplanation: Insulin, produced by the pancreas, helps to regulate blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells. 12. What is the primary function of white blood cells? A) Transport oxygenB) Clot bloodC) Fight infectionsD) Repair tissues Show Answer Correct Answer: C) Fight infectionsExplanation: White blood cells are part of the immune system and primarily function to fight off infections and protect the body from foreign invaders. 13. Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating heart rate and breathing? A) CerebrumB) CerebellumC) BrainstemD) Hypothalamus Show Answer Correct Answer: C) BrainstemExplanation: The brainstem controls various basic bodily functions including heart rate and breathing. 14. Which structure in the cell is responsible for sorting and packaging proteins and lipids? A) Golgi apparatusB) MitochondriaC) NucleusD) Endoplasmic reticulum Show Answer Correct Answer: A) Golgi apparatusExplanation: The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or for use within the cell. 15. What type of cells are primarily involved in the production of antibodies? A) Red blood cellsB) PlateletsC) B lymphocytesD) T lymphocytes Show Answer Correct Answer: C) B lymphocytesExplanation: B lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell that is fundamental to the immune system by producing antibodies to fight against antigens. 16. Which vitamin is crucial for the absorption of calcium in the body? A) Vitamin AB) Vitamin CC) Vitamin DD) Vitamin E Show Answer Correct Answer: C) Vitamin DExplanation: Vitamin D enhances the intestinal absorption of calcium, essential for bone health and maintenance. 17. What is the process by which plants release water vapor into the atmosphere? A) TranspirationB) RespirationC) PhotosynthesisD) Condensation Show Answer Correct Answer: A) TranspirationExplanation: Transpiration is the process where plants absorb water through the roots and then give off water vapor through pores in their leaves. 18. Which genetic disorder is characterized by the presence of an extra chromosome 21? A) Turner SyndromeB) Klinefelter SyndromeC) Down SyndromeD) Patau Syndrome Show Answer Correct Answer: C) Down SyndromeExplanation: Down Syndrome is caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21. 19. Which organ is responsible for filtering blood and producing urine? A) LiverB) KidneysC) HeartD) Pancreas Show Answer Correct Answer: B) KidneysExplanation: The kidneys filter waste and excess substances from the blood, forming urine to excrete them from the body. 20. What is the name of the process by which bacteria reproduce asexually? A) MitosisB) MeiosisC) Binary fissionD) Fragmentation Show Answer Correct Answer: C) Binary fissionExplanation: Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction in which a single bacterial cell divides into two identical progeny cells. ! Report Error Share this with your friends Solve More MCQs on Biology Back MCQs History MCQs Geography MCQs Polity MCQs Economy MCQs Physics MCQs Chemistry MCQs Biology MCQs Art and Culture MCQs Science and Technology MCQs Environment and Ecology MCQs Inventions and Discoveries MCQs Awards and Honors MCQs Important days and dates MCQs Famous Personalities MCQs on Biology [Set – 11] Solve MCQs MCQs on Biology [Set – 10] Solve MCQs MCQs on Biology [Set – 9] Solve MCQs MCQs on Biology [Set – 8] Solve MCQs MCQs on Biology [Set – 7] Solve MCQs MCQs on Biology [Set – 6] Solve MCQs Show All

MCQs on Chemistry [Set – 9]

MCQs Static GK, MCQs Chemistry

MCQs on Chemistry [Set – 9] 1. Which compound is formed by the complete combustion of hydrocarbons? A) Water and carbon monoxideB) Water and carbon dioxideC) Carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxideD) Carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide Show Answer Correct Answer: B) Water and carbon dioxideExplanation: The complete combustion of hydrocarbons, such as in fossil fuels, typically produces water (H₂O) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) as the main products. 2. Which element is primarily used to create a yellow color in fireworks? A) SodiumB) StrontiumC) BariumD) Copper Show Answer Correct Answer: A) SodiumExplanation: Sodium compounds, particularly sodium salts, are used to produce a bright yellow color in fireworks. Sodium imparts a strong, distinctive yellow color when ignited. 3. Which mineral is commonly used as a source of lead? A) HematiteB) BauxiteC) GalenaD) Chalcocite Show Answer Correct Answer: C) GalenaExplanation: Galena is a mineral primarily composed of lead sulfide (PbS) and is the most important ore of lead. It is commonly used for the extraction of lead metal. 4. Which metal is commonly used as a catalyst in the hydrogenation of unsaturated fats? A) IronB) PlatinumC) NickelD) Zinc Show Answer Correct Answer: C) NickelExplanation: Nickel is widely used as a catalyst in the hydrogenation of unsaturated fats to produce saturated fats, a process commonly employed in the food industry to convert liquid vegetable oils into solid or semi-solid fats. 5. What is the main component of natural rubber? A) CelluloseB) IsopreneC) StarchD) Ethylene Show Answer Correct Answer: B) IsopreneExplanation: Natural rubber is primarily composed of polyisoprene, which is a polymer of the monomer isoprene. This gives natural rubber its elastic properties. 6. What is the primary product of the reaction between an acid and a metal carbonate? A) WaterB) SaltC) Carbon dioxideD) All of the above Show Answer Correct Answer: D) All of the aboveExplanation: The reaction between an acid and a metal carbonate typically produces salt, water, and carbon dioxide. 7. What is the role of a moderator in a nuclear reactor? A) To speed up neutronsB) To slow down neutronsC) To absorb excess neutronsD) To generate free neutrons Show Answer Correct Answer: B) To slow down neutronsExplanation: A moderator in a nuclear reactor is used to slow down fast neutrons produced by fission, making them more likely to cause further fission events and sustain a chain reaction. 8. Which element is added to steel to improve its resistance to oxidation at high temperatures? A) ChromiumB) ManganeseC) CobaltD) Molybdenum Show Answer Correct Answer: A) ChromiumExplanation: Chromium is added to steel to improve its oxidation resistance at high temperatures. Stainless steel contains chromium, which forms a passive layer of chromium oxide that prevents further corrosion. 9. What type of compound is formed by the reaction of an acid with an alcohol? A) AmideB) AlkeneC) EtherD) Ester Show Answer Correct Answer: D) EsterExplanation: Esters are formed by the reaction of an acid with an alcohol, a process known as esterification. Esters are commonly used as solvents and in the manufacture of plastics and perfumes. 10. Which process is used to separate isotopes of uranium for use in nuclear power plants? A) FiltrationB) DistillationC) CentrifugationD) Electrolysis Show Answer Correct Answer: C) CentrifugationExplanation: Centrifugation is used to separate isotopes of uranium, such as enriching uranium-235 from its more abundant isotope, uranium-238. This process involves spinning uranium hexafluoride gas at high speeds to separate the isotopes based on their masses. 11. Which type of chemical reaction involves the absorption of energy, usually in the form of heat? A) Exothermic reactionB) Endothermic reactionC) Synthesis reactionD) Decomposition reaction Show Answer Correct Answer: B) Endothermic reactionExplanation: Endothermic reactions involve the absorption of energy from the surroundings, usually in the form of heat. This absorption of energy is necessary for the reaction to proceed. 12. Which type of rock is formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava? A) MetamorphicB) SedimentaryC) IgneousD) Fossiliferous Show Answer Correct Answer: C) IgneousExplanation: Igneous rocks are formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. Examples include basalt and granite, which are commonly found in the Earth’s crust. 13. What property of water increases when salt is dissolved in it? A) Boiling pointB) Freezing pointC) ViscosityD) Transparency Show Answer Correct Answer: A) Boiling pointExplanation: When salt is dissolved in water, it causes an elevation in the boiling point of the solution, a phenomenon known as boiling point elevation. This is due to the addition of solute particles which interfere with the evaporation process. 14. Which element is known for its high thermal and electrical conductivity, making it useful in electrical wiring? A) AluminumB) CopperC) GoldD) Silver Show Answer Correct Answer: B) CopperExplanation: Copper is renowned for its excellent thermal and electrical conductivity, which makes it a top choice for electrical wiring and components. It is also highly ductile and can be easily formed into wires. 15. What is the main component of vinegar? A) Acetic acidB) Citric acidC) Hydrochloric acidD) Sulfuric acid Show Answer Correct Answer: A) Acetic acidExplanation: Vinegar primarily consists of acetic acid (CH3COOH), which gives it its characteristic sour taste and pungent smell. 16. What is the characteristic flame color of potassium when involved in a flame test? A) RedB) BlueC) GreenD) Violet Show Answer Correct Answer: D) VioletExplanation: Potassium imparts a characteristic violet color to a flame when it undergoes a flame test, a diagnostic method used to detect the presence of certain elements based on the color of flame they produce. 17. What term describes the mass of one mole of a substance? A) Molar massB) Atomic massC) Molecular weightD) Avogadro’s number Show Answer Correct Answer: A) Molar massExplanation: Molar mass is the term used to describe the mass of one mole of a substance, typically expressed in grams per mole. 18. Which process converts vegetable oils into solid fats? A) HydrogenationB) FermentationC) EsterificationD) Saponification Show Answer Correct Answer: A) HydrogenationExplanation: Hydrogenation is the process of adding hydrogen to vegetable oils, converting them into solid fats by saturating the carbon-carbon double bonds in the fatty acids. 19. Which metal is protected by a layer of its own oxide, preventing further oxidation? A) IronB) CopperC) AluminumD) Zinc Show Answer Correct Answer: C) AluminumExplanation: Aluminum is protected by a thin layer of aluminum oxide that forms

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