A) Oxygen
B) Nitrogen
C) Carbon Dioxide
D) Methane
Correct Answer: C) Carbon Dioxide
Explanation: Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most significant greenhouse gas emitted by human activities, primarily through the burning of fossil fuels. It traps heat in the atmosphere, leading to global warming.
A) Carbon dioxide emissions
B) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
C) Deforestation
D) Water pollution
Correct Answer: B) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Explanation: CFCs are synthetic compounds that, when released into the atmosphere, break down ozone molecules, leading to the thinning of the ozone layer. This allows harmful ultraviolet radiation to reach the Earth’s surface.
A) Tropical rainforest
B) Desert
C) Grassland
D) Tundra
Correct Answer: B) Desert
Explanation: Deserts receive very little rainfall, often less than 250 mm annually, and have sparse vegetation adapted to arid conditions. They are found in regions like the Sahara and the Arabian Peninsula.
A) Endemic species
B) Invasive species
C) Indicator species
D) Keystone species
Correct Answer: A) Endemic species
Explanation: Endemic species are those that are native to a particular region or environment and are not naturally found elsewhere. They often have specialized habitats and are vulnerable to extinction.
A) Coal
B) Natural gas
C) Wind energy
D) Nuclear energy
Correct Answer: C) Wind energy
Explanation: Wind energy is a renewable source of energy that harnesses the power of wind to generate electricity. Unlike fossil fuels, it is sustainable and produces no greenhouse gas emissions.
A) The process of soil formation
B) The accumulation of toxic substances in organisms
C) The increase in nutrients in water bodies leading to excessive algae growth
D) The depletion of oxygen in the atmosphere
Correct Answer: C) The increase in nutrients in water bodies leading to excessive algae growth
Explanation: Eutrophication occurs when water bodies receive excess nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, often from agricultural runoff. This leads to overgrowth of algae, which depletes oxygen levels and harms aquatic life.
A) United States
B) China
C) India
D) Russia
Correct Answer: B) China
Explanation: China is the largest emitter of carbon dioxide, largely due to its massive industrial activities and reliance on coal for energy. The country accounts for a significant portion of global CO2 emissions.
A) Producers of energy
B) Primary consumers
C) Breaking down dead organisms and waste
D) Pollinators of plants
Correct Answer: C) Breaking down dead organisms and waste
Explanation: Decomposers, such as bacteria and fungi, play a crucial role in ecosystems by breaking down dead organisms and organic waste. This process recycles nutrients back into the soil, supporting plant growth.
A) An international agreement to protect endangered species
B) A treaty aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions
C) A convention on the conservation of migratory birds
D) A framework for sustainable forest management
Correct Answer: B) A treaty aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions
Explanation: The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty that commits its parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, based on the premise that global warming exists and is primarily caused by human-made CO2 emissions.
A) Absorbing harmful ultraviolet radiation
B) Reflecting solar radiation
C) Producing oxygen
D) Regulating Earth’s temperature
Correct Answer: A) Absorbing harmful ultraviolet radiation
Explanation: The ozone layer, located in the Earth’s stratosphere, absorbs most of the Sun’s harmful ultraviolet radiation, preventing it from reaching the Earth’s surface and protecting living organisms from DNA damage.
A) Biodiversity
B) Ecosystem diversity
C) Genetic diversity
D) Species diversity
Correct Answer: A) Biodiversity
Explanation: Biodiversity refers to the variety of all life forms on Earth, including the different species, genetic variations, and ecosystems. It is crucial for maintaining ecological balance and resilience.
A) Oxygen
B) Nitrogen
C) Methane
D) Argon
Correct Answer: C) Methane
Explanation: Methane is a potent greenhouse gas with a much higher heat-trapping ability per molecule than carbon dioxide. It is released from sources like livestock, landfills, and natural gas production.
A) Overfishing
B) Pollution
C) Ocean acidification
D) Increased water temperatures
Correct Answer: D) Increased water temperatures
Explanation: Coral bleaching occurs when corals expel the symbiotic algae living in their tissues due to stress from increased water temperatures. This leads to the loss of their vibrant colors and can result in coral death if prolonged.
A) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
B) World Wildlife Fund (WWF)
C) United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
D) International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)
Correct Answer: A) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Explanation: The IPCC is a scientific body established by the United Nations to assess information related to climate change. It provides regular reports on the state of knowledge about climate change and its potential environmental and socio-economic impacts.
A) Reforestation
B) Desertification
C) Deforestation
D) Urbanization
Correct Answer: C) Deforestation
Explanation: Deforestation refers to the clearing or thinning of forests by humans for purposes like agriculture, logging, or urban development. It results in the loss of biodiversity, disruption of ecosystems, and contributes to climate change.
A) Natural gas
B) Wind energy
C) Solar energy
D) Hydroelectric power
Correct Answer: A) Natural gas
Explanation: Natural gas is a non-renewable resource because it forms over millions of years from the remains of ancient organisms. Once extracted and used, it cannot be replenished on a human timescale.
A) They are a source of freshwater
B) They act as natural water filters
C) They provide habitat for wildlife
D) All of the above
Correct Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Wetlands play multiple critical roles in ecosystems, including providing freshwater, acting as natural water filters by trapping pollutants, and serving as habitats for a diverse range of plant and animal species.
A) Bioaccumulation
B) Bioremediation
C) Biomagnification
D) Biodegradation
Correct Answer: C) Biomagnification
Explanation: Biomagnification refers to the process where the concentration of pollutants, such as heavy metals or pesticides, increases in organisms higher up the food chain. This can lead to toxic effects in top predators, including humans.
A) Industrial emissions
B) Agricultural runoff
C) Vehicle exhaust
D) Mining activities
Correct Answer: B) Agricultural runoff
Explanation: Agricultural runoff containing fertilizers is a major source of nitrogen pollution in water bodies. Excess nitrogen can lead to eutrophication, resulting in algal blooms that deplete oxygen and harm aquatic life.
A) Tundra
B) Coral reefs
C) Desert
D) Taiga
Correct Answer: B) Coral reefs
Explanation: Coral reefs are often referred to as the “rainforests of the sea” due to their immense biodiversity. They support a wide range of marine life, including fish, invertebrates, and other organisms, in a relatively small area.
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