MCQs on Percentages

[Set - 4]

1. If a number is first increased by 25% and then decreased by 20%, what is the net percentage change?

A) 0%
B) 2% increase
C) 5% increase
D) 10% decrease

Correct Answer: B) 2% increase
Explanation:
Let the original number be 100 .
After a 25% increase: 100 \times 1.25 = 125 .
Then, a 20% decrease on 125: 125 \times 0.80 = 100 = 125

2. A shopkeeper marks his goods 50% above the cost price and then offers a discount of 20%. What is his percentage profit or loss?

A) 20% profit
B) 25% profit
C) 30% profit
D) 40% profit

Correct Answer: A) 20% profit
Explanation:
Let the cost price be 100 .
Marked price with a 50% markup becomes 100 \times 1.50 = 150 .
After offering a 20% discount on the marked price:
150 \times 0.80 = 120 .
Thus, the selling price is 120 , resulting in a profit of:
120 – 100 = 20 , or a 20% profit.

3. If 35% of a number is 84, what is the number?

A) 200
B) 240
C) 300
D) 280

Correct Answer: B) 240
Explanation:
Let the number be x .
Since 35% of x is 84, we have:
0.35 \times x = 84
x = \frac{84}{0.35} = 240 .

4. A man's salary is first increased by 10%, then decreased by 5%, and again increased by 8%. What is the net percentage change?

A) 10.26% increase
B) 12.26% increase
C) 10.26% increase
D) 8.26% increase

Correct Answer: A) 10.26% increase
Explanation:
Let the initial salary be 100 .
After a 10% increase: 100 \times 1.10 = 110
After a 5% decrease: 110 \times 0.95 = 104.5
After an 8% increase: 104.5 \times 1.08 = 112.86
Net percentage change = 112.86 – 100 = 12.86% .

5. A student scores 60% marks in an exam. If the passing marks are 300, and the student scores 180 marks, by how many marks did the student fail?

A) 90
B) 100
C) 110
D) 120

Correct Answer: D) 120
Explanation:
If passing marks are 300 and the student scored 180, the difference is:
300 – 180 = 120 .

6. The population of a village increases by 12% in the first year and decreases by 5% in the second year. What is the net percentage change in population?

A) 6.4% increase
B) 5.6% increase
C) 7.1% increase
D) 8.5% increase

Correct Answer: A) 6.4% increase
Explanation:
Let the initial population be 100 .
After a 12% increase: 100 \times 1.12 = 112
After a 5% decrease: 112 \times 0.95 = 106.4
Net change = 106.4 – 100 = 6.4% increase.

7. A man invests ₹12,000 in a business and earns a profit of 20%. What is his profit in rupees?

A) ₹2,400
B) ₹2,300
C) ₹2,200
D) ₹2,500

Correct Answer: A) ₹2,400
Explanation:
Profit = 12000 \times 0.20 = 2400 .

8. A student needs 40% to pass an exam. If the total marks are 800 and the student gets 320 marks, by how many marks did the student fail?

A) 0
B) 40
C) 60
D) 80

Correct Answer: A) 0
Explanation:
The pass mark required is 40% of 800, which is 0.40 \times 800 = 320 . Since the student scored exactly 320 marks, they passed the exam and did not fail.

9. A price is first increased by 50%, then decreased by 30%, and again increased by 20%. What is the overall percentage change?

A) 10% increase
B) 15% increase
C) 20% increase
D) 30% increase

Correct Answer: C) 20% increase
Explanation:
Let the original price be 100 .
After a 50% increase: 100 \times 1.50 = 150
Then a 30% decrease: 150 \times 0.70 = 105
Then a 20% increase: 105 \times 1.20 = 126
Net percentage change = 126 – 100 = 26% increase.

10. If 70% of a number is 210, what is 120% of the same number?

A) 320
B) 360
C) 280
D) 300

Correct Answer: B) 360
Explanation:
Let the number be x .
0.70x = 210 , so x = \frac{210}{0.70} = 300 .
Then, 120% of the number is 1.20 \times 300 = 360 .

11. A number is first decreased by 15%, then increased by 25%, and again decreased by 20%. What is the net percentage change?

A) 10% decrease
B) 5% decrease
C) 5% increase
D) 12% increase

Correct Answer: B) 5% decrease
Explanation:
Let the original number be 100 .
After a 15% decrease: 100 \times 0.85 = 85
Then a 25% increase: 85 \times 1.25 = 106.25
Then a 20% decrease: 106.25 \times 0.80 = 85
Net percentage change = 85 – 100 = -5% decrease.

12. A student scored 80 marks in an exam. If this is 40% of the total marks, what are the total marks?

A) 160
B) 180
C) 200
D) 210

Correct Answer: C) 200
Explanation:
Let the total marks be x .
0.40x = 80 , so x = \frac{80}{0.40} = 200 .

13. A salary is increased by 20% and then reduced by 10%. What is the final percentage increase or decrease in the salary?

A) 8% increase
B) 10% increase
C) 5% increase
D) 2% decrease

Correct Answer: A) 8% increase
Explanation:
Let the original salary be 100 .
After a 20% increase: 100 \times 1.20 = 120
Then a 10% decrease: 120 \times 0.90 = 108
Net percentage change = 108 – 100 = 8% increase.

14. If the price of a commodity increases by 20%, how much less quantity can be bought with ₹1,200, which was previously used to buy 50 kg?

A) 5 kg
B) 8 kg
C) 10 kg
D) 12 kg

Correct Answer: C) 10 kg
Explanation:
With a 20% price increase, the new price per kg is 1.20 times the old price.
New quantity = \frac{50}{1.20} = 41.67 kg.
The reduction in quantity = 50 – 41.67 = 8.33 , approximately 10 kg.

15. A population decreases by 8% annually. If the current population is 40,000, what will the population be after 3 years?

A) 32,768
B) 30,500
C) 31,104
D) 33,000

Correct Answer: C) 31,104
Explanation:
Population after 3 years = 40000 \times (1 – 0.08)^3 = 31,104 .

16. A trader marks his goods 40% above the cost price and allows a discount of 25%. What is his percentage profit or loss?

A) 5% loss
B) 10% profit
C) 10% loss
D) 5% profit

Correct Answer: D) 5% profit
Explanation:
Let the cost price be 100 .
Marked price = 100 \times 1.40 = 140
After a 25% discount: 140 \times 0.75 = 105
Profit percentage = 105 – 100 = 5% .

17. If 20% of a number is 150, what is the number?

A) 600
B) 750
C) 700
D) 800

Correct Answer: B) 750
Explanation:
Let the number be x .
0.20x = 150 , so x = \frac{150}{0.20} = 750 .

18. A number is increased by 40% and then decreased by 30%. What is the net percentage change in the number?

A) 5% increase
B) 2% decrease
C) 2% increase
D) 5% decrease

Correct Answer: C) 2% increase
Explanation:
Let the original number be 100 .
After a 40% increase: 100 \times 1.40 = 140
Then a 30% decrease: 140 \times 0.70 = 98
Net percentage change = 98 – 100 = -2% decrease.

19. A shopkeeper increases the price of an article by 15% and then offers a discount of 10%. What is the net percentage change in the price?

A) 4.5% increase
B) 3.5% increase
C) 5% increase
D) 2% increase

Correct Answer: A) 4.5% increase
Explanation:
Let the original price be 100 .
After a 15% increase: 100 \times 1.15 = 115
After a 10% discount: 115 \times 0.90 = 103.5
Net percentage change = 103.5 – 100 = 3.5% increase.

20. If 30% of a number is subtracted from itself, the result is 315. What is the number?

A) 400
B) 450
C) 500
D) 475

Correct Answer: B) 450
Explanation:
Let the number be x .
If 30% of the number is subtracted, we have: x – 0.30x = 315
0.70x = 315
x = \frac{315}{0.70} = 450 .

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