Correct Answer: A) OSIRIS-REx
Explanation: OSIRIS-REx landed on asteroid Bennu to collect samples, which are expected to return to Earth for analysis.
A) To measure the solar wind
B) To study Jupiter’s rings
C) To map the Moon’s surface
D) To explore asteroids
Correct Answer: A) To measure the solar wind
Explanation: The Parker Solar Probe is designed to study the Sun’s outer atmosphere and measure solar wind properties up close.
A) OSIRIS-REx
B) Hayabusa2
C) Rosetta
D) Stardust
Correct Answer: A) OSIRIS-REx
Explanation: OSIRIS-REx landed on asteroid Bennu to collect samples, which are expected to return to Earth for analysis.
A) To service the ISS
B) To conduct lunar landings
C) To enable interplanetary travel
D) To launch satellites
Correct Answer: C) To enable interplanetary travel
Explanation: SpaceX’s Starship is designed for interplanetary travel, with ambitions to transport humans to Mars and beyond.
A) Voyager 2
B) Rosetta
C) New Horizons
D) Cassini
Correct Answer: B) Rosetta
Explanation: The Rosetta mission successfully landed the Philae lander on comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko, providing valuable data on cometary composition.
A) Hubble
B) GOES
C) Spitzer
D) Chandra
Correct Answer: B) GOES
Explanation: The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) provide real-time weather updates and disaster monitoring from geostationary orbit.
A) OSIRIS-REx
B) Rosetta
C) Hayabusa2
D) Deep Impact
Correct Answer: C) Hayabusa2
Explanation: The Hayabusa2 mission, led by JAXA, explored the asteroid Ryugu and successfully returned samples to Earth for analysis.
A) To explore a comet
B) To map the Moon
C) To study Jupiter
D) To observe distant galaxies
Correct Answer: A) To explore a comet
Explanation: The ROSETTA mission aimed to explore comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko and deploy the Philae lander on its surface.
A) Kepler Space Telescope
B) TESS
C) OGLE
D) Gaia
Correct Answer: C) OGLE
Explanation: The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) has been used to detect exoplanets through gravitational microlensing.
A) Parabolic flight
B) Vacuum chambers
C) Centrifuges
D) Cryostats
Correct Answer: A) Parabolic flight
Explanation: Parabolic flight provides a microgravity environment for short periods, simulating space conditions for research and experiments.
A) GOES
B) GRACE
C) Landsat
D) Terra
Correct Answer: B) GRACE
Explanation: The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission maps Earth’s gravitational field and studies variations in water and ice distribution.
A) To study exoplanets
B) To observe cosmic microwave background
C) To map the Milky Way galaxy
D) To explore asteroids
Correct Answer: C) To map the Milky Way galaxy
Explanation: The Gaia mission aims to create a detailed three-dimensional map of the Milky Way galaxy, including the positions and motions of stars.
A) MAVEN
B) Juno
C) New Horizons
D) Cassini
Correct Answer: A) MAVEN
Explanation: The Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) mission studies how solar wind affects Mars’ atmosphere and climate.
A) Cassini
B) Voyager 2
C) Juno
D) Galileo
Correct Answer: A) Cassini
Explanation: The Cassini mission studied Saturn and its moons, including the magnetic field and subsurface ocean of Enceladus.
A) Magnetometers
B) Spectrometers
C) Seismometers
D) Imaging cameras
Correct Answer: C) Seismometers
Explanation: Seismometers, such as those used in missions like InSight, explore the interiors of planets and moons by measuring seismic activity.
A) Spectrographs
B) Adaptive optics
C) Space-based interferometry
D) Coronagraphs
Correct Answer: D) Coronagraphs
Explanation: Coronagraphs block out starlight, allowing for improved imaging of distant exoplanets and their atmospheres by reducing the glare from their parent stars.
A) Lunar rovers
B) Orbital spectrometers
C) Lunar landers
D) High-resolution imaging satellites
Correct Answer: B) Orbital spectrometers
Explanation: Orbital spectrometers detect water ice deposits on the Moon’s surface by analyzing reflected sunlight and identifying water signatures.
A) Voyager 1
B) Galileo
C) Juno
D) Cassini
Correct Answer: C) Juno
Explanation: The Juno mission studies Jupiter’s magnetic field, providing insights into its structure and dynamics through detailed observations.
A) Mars Odyssey
B) Spirit
C) Curiosity
D) Opportunity
Correct Answer: C) Curiosity
Explanation: The Curiosity rover analyzes soil samples on Mars to search for signs of past life and understand the planet’s habitability.
A) Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
B) Chandrayaan-1
C) Apollo 11
D) Chang’e 5
Correct Answer: B) Chandrayaan-1
Explanation: Chandrayaan-1 provided the first direct evidence of water molecules on the Moon’s surface, significantly impacting lunar exploration.
A) Magnetometers
B) Spectrometers
C) Radio telescopes
D) Gamma-ray detectors
Correct Answer: A) Magnetometers
Explanation: Magnetometers measure the magnetic fields of distant astronomical objects, providing data on their magnetic environments and interactions.
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