Correct Answer: C) Carbon
Explanation: Carbon is added to steel to improve its hardness and strength. Higher carbon content allows the steel to form martensite when quenched, which is a very hard form of steel.
A) Titration
B) Filtration
C) Distillation
D) Chromatography
Correct Answer: A) Titration
Explanation: Titration is a technique used in analytical chemistry to determine the concentration of an unknown solution by reacting it with a solution of known concentration, often using an indicator to detect the endpoint.
A) Chromium
B) Manganese
C) Carbon
D) Tungsten
Correct Answer: C) Carbon
Explanation: Carbon is added to steel to improve its hardness and strength. Higher carbon content allows the steel to form martensite when quenched, which is a very hard form of steel.
A) Freezing
B) Melting
C) Condensation
D) Sublimation
Correct Answer: C) Condensation
Explanation: Condensation is the process in which a gas turns into a liquid. It occurs when a gas is cooled to a temperature below its dew point, or when the gas comes into contact with a cold surface.
A) Low reactivity
B) High reactivity
C) Radioactivity
D) Photoreactivity
Correct Answer: A) Low reactivity
Explanation: The low reactivity of noble gases makes them ideal for use in lighting and signage. Their inertness allows them to glow distinctively when an electric current passes through them without undergoing chemical changes.
A) Galena
B) Hematite
C) Bauxite
D) Sphalerite
Correct Answer: C) Bauxite
Explanation: Bauxite is the primary mineral source of aluminum. It is a naturally occurring ore containing aluminum hydroxide minerals, which are processed to extract aluminum metal.
A) Helium
B) Hydrogen
C) Nitrogen
D) Oxygen
Correct Answer: A) Helium
Explanation: Helium is used as a lifting gas for balloons and airships due to its low density compared to air. It is safer than hydrogen, which is also light but highly flammable.
A) Annealing
B) Tempering
C) Quenching
D) Forging
Correct Answer: C) Quenching
Explanation: Quenching is a heat treatment process used to harden steel. The steel is heated to a high temperature and then rapidly cooled, typically in water or oil, which traps carbon within the structure, increasing hardness.
A) Copper
B) Aluminum
C) Gold
D) Silver
Correct Answer: D) Silver
Explanation: Silver has the highest thermal conductivity of any metal, making it highly effective in applications requiring rapid heat dissipation, such as in heat exchangers and cooling systems.
A) Charles’s Law
B) Boyle’s Law
C) Dalton’s Law
D) Gay-Lussac’s Law
Correct Answer: C) Dalton’s Law
Explanation: Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures states that the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each component of the gas mixture.
A) Metallic solids
B) Molecular solids
C) Covalent network solids
D) Ionic solids
Correct Answer: D) Ionic solids
Explanation: Ionic solids are composed of positive and negative ions held together by strong electrostatic forces, known as ionic bonds. These solids typically have high melting points.
A) 0-7
B) 7-14
C) 0-14
D) None of the above
Correct Answer: A) 0-7
Explanation: Acids have a pH range from 0 to 7, with 0 being the most acidic, 7 being neutral, and values less than 7 indicating acidity.
A) Structural isomerism
B) Geometric isomerism
C) Conformational isomerism
D) Optical isomerism
Correct Answer: B) Geometric isomerism
Explanation: Geometric isomerism (or cis-trans isomerism) involves compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the spatial arrangement of atoms around a double bond or a ring structure, resulting in different physical and chemical properties.
A) Ethylene glycol
B) Methanol
C) Propanol
D) Ethanol
Correct Answer: A) Ethylene glycol
Explanation: Ethylene glycol is commonly used as an antifreeze in automobile radiators due to its ability to lower the freezing point of water.
A) Electrical conductivity
B) Thermal conductivity
C) Hardness
D) Viscosity
Correct Answer: C) Hardness
Explanation: The Mohs scale measures the hardness of minerals and other solid substances by comparing their ability to scratch or be scratched by other substances.
A) The total kinetic energy of a system
B) The heat content of a system
C) The pressure of a system
D) The volume of a system
Correct Answer: B) The heat content of a system
Explanation: Enthalpy refers to the total heat content of a system, which is used in thermodynamics to calculate the heat absorbed or released during a process at constant pressure.
A) Neon
B) Argon
C) Krypton
D) Xenon
Correct Answer: C) Krypton
Explanation: Krypton gas is used in modern fluorescent lamps to improve efficiency and light output, as it helps reduce the power consumption and prolongs the lamp’s lifespan.
A) Oxygen
B) Nitrogen
C) Carbon
D) Hydrogen
Correct Answer: A) Oxygen
Explanation: Oxygen is responsible for the formation of the ozone layer in the Earth’s stratosphere. Ozone (O₃) is formed from oxygen (O₂) under the influence of ultraviolet radiation, providing a protective layer that absorbs most of the sun’s harmful ultraviolet light.
A) Atomic radius
B) Electron affinity
C) Valence
D) Ionization energy
Correct Answer: C) Valence
Explanation: The valence of an atom determines the number of bonds it can form. It refers to the number of electrons an atom uses to bond with other atoms, which is based on its position in the periodic table and its electron configuration.
A) Boron
B) Sodium
C) Silicon
D) Phosphorus
Correct Answer: A) Boron
Explanation: Boron is added to glass to make it resistant to thermal shock. Borosilicate glass, which contains boron, does not crack under extreme temperature changes.
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin E
Correct Answer: B) Vitamin C
Explanation: Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin essential for the synthesis of collagen, which is vital for the maintenance of skin, blood vessels, bones, and cartilage.
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