A) Justice R.S. Pathak
B) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
C) Dr. Nagendra Singh
D) Dr. Zakir Husain
Correct Answer: C) Dr. Nagendra Singh
Explanation: Dr. Nagendra Singh was elected as the President of the International Court of Justice in 1985.
A) Battle of Gettysburg
B) Battle of Antietam
C) Battle of Fort Sumter
D) Battle of Bull Run
Correct Answer: A) Battle of Gettysburg
Explanation: The Battle of Gettysburg, fought in July 1863, was a major turning point in the American Civil War, leading to the defeat of the Confederate forces and bolstering Union morale.
A) Rajendra Prasad
B) Jawaharlal Nehru
C) C. Rajagopalachari
D) B.R. Ambedkar
Correct Answer: C) C. Rajagopalachari
Explanation: C. Rajagopalachari, also known as Rajaji, became the first Indian to serve as the Governor-General of India after the departure of Lord Mountbatten in 1948.
A) Christopher Columbus
B) Ferdinand Magellan
C) Vasco da Gama
D) John Cabot
Correct Answer: B) Ferdinand Magellan
Explanation: Ferdinand Magellan led the first expedition to successfully circumnavigate the globe, although he himself died before completing the journey. His fleet returned to Spain in 1522, proving that the Earth is round.
A) Qutb-ud-din Aibak
B) Iltutmish
C) Alauddin Khilji
D) Balban
Correct Answer: A) Qutb-ud-din Aibak
Explanation: Qutb-ud-din Aibak, a former slave, established the Slave Dynasty (also known as the Mamluk Dynasty) in India after the death of his master, Muhammad Ghori, becoming the first Sultan of Delhi.
A) Indira Gandhi
B) Rajiv Gandhi
C) P.V. Narasimha Rao
D) Atal Bihari Vajpayee
Correct Answer: C) P.V. Narasimha Rao
Explanation: P.V. Narasimha Rao, along with his Finance Minister Manmohan Singh, introduced significant economic reforms in 1991, liberalizing the Indian economy, which led to rapid economic growth and integration with the global economy.
A) Indira Gandhi
B) Sarojini Naidu
C) Sumitra Mahajan
D) Meira Kumar
Correct Answer: D) Meira Kumar
Explanation: Meira Kumar became the first woman to serve as the Speaker of the Lok Sabha, the lower house of India’s Parliament, from 2009 to 2014, marking a significant achievement in Indian politics.
A) Lord Wavell
B) Lord Linlithgow
C) Lord Mountbatten
D) Lord Irwin
Correct Answer: C) Lord Mountbatten
Explanation: Lord Louis Mountbatten served as the last Viceroy of India, overseeing the transition of British India to independence and partition into India and Pakistan in 1947.
A) Arthashastra
B) Manusmriti
C) Ramayana
D) Mahabharata
Correct Answer: B) Manusmriti
Explanation: The Manusmriti, also known as the Laws of Manu, is an ancient legal text that forms the basis of Hindu law and social conduct, influencing the legal and social systems in ancient India.
A) United Kingdom
B) United States
C) New Zealand
D) Australia
Correct Answer: C) New Zealand
Explanation: New Zealand became the first country to grant women the right to vote in 1893, marking a significant milestone in the global women’s suffrage movement.
A) Babur
B) Akbar
C) Aurangzeb
D) Jahangir
Correct Answer: B) Akbar
Explanation: Emperor Akbar introduced the Mansabdari system, a military and administrative system that helped organize the Mughal Empire’s army and bureaucracy, ensuring effective governance.
A) Raja Raja Chola
B) Narasimhadeva I
C) Krishnadevaraya
D) Harsha
Correct Answer: B) Narasimhadeva I
Explanation: King Narasimhadeva I of the Eastern Ganga dynasty commissioned the construction of the Konark Sun Temple in the 13th century, dedicated to the Sun God and known for its stunning architecture.
A) Thomas Jefferson
B) George Washington
C) John Adams
D) Abraham Lincoln
Correct Answer: B) George Washington
Explanation: George Washington was the first President of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797, and is often referred to as the “Father of His Country” for his leadership in the founding of the nation.
A) Babur
B) Akbar
C) Aurangzeb
D) Jahangir
Correct Answer: C) Aurangzeb
Explanation: Aurangzeb, the last significant Mughal emperor, is known for his extensive military campaigns in the Deccan, leading to the annexation of the Deccan Sultanates. His Deccan expeditions, however, strained the Mughal Empire’s resources and contributed to its eventual decline.
A) Chandragupta Maurya
B) Ashoka
C) Harsha
D) Kanishka
Correct Answer: B) Ashoka
Explanation: Emperor Ashoka of the Maurya dynasty is credited with spreading Buddhism across Asia after his conversion following the Kalinga War. His efforts led to the establishment of Buddhism as a major religion in the region.
A) China
B) Vietnam
C) Korea
D) Japan
Correct Answer: D) Japan
Explanation: Japan is traditionally known as “The Land of the Rising Sun” due to its geographical location to the east of the Asian continent, where the sun rises first.
A) Treaty of Westphalia
B) Treaty of Paris
C) Treaty of Versailles
D) Treaty of Utrecht
Correct Answer: A) Treaty of Westphalia
Explanation: The Treaty of Westphalia, signed in 1648, ended the Thirty Years’ War in Europe and is considered the beginning of the modern state system, establishing principles of sovereignty and non-intervention.
A) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
B) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
C) Jyotirao Phule
D) Swami Vivekananda
Correct Answer: B) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
Explanation: Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar was a prominent social reformer in 19th-century India who worked tirelessly to promote education for women and played a key role in the passage of the Widow Remarriage Act of 1856. He also advocated against child marriage and for women’s rights.
A) Egyptian
B) Indus Valley
C) Mesopotamian
D) Chinese
Correct Answer: C) Mesopotamian
Explanation: The Mesopotamian civilization, particularly the Sumerians, is credited with developing cuneiform writing, one of the earliest forms of writing in human history, around 3200 BCE.
A) Shah Jahan
B) Jahangir
C) Akbar
D) Aurangzeb
Correct Answer: A) Shah Jahan
Explanation: Shah Jahan, known for his patronage of the arts, commissioned the construction of the Peacock Throne, an opulent throne that became a symbol of Mughal wealth and power. He is also famous for building the Taj Mahal.
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