A) Verghese Kurien
B) M.S. Swaminathan
C) Vishalini Kumar
D) G.N.S. Reddy
Correct Answer: D) G.N.S. Reddy
Explanation: Dr. G.N.S. Reddy founded the first farm science club for children in India, known as the ‘Little Scientist Club.’ His initiative aims to inspire young minds towards agricultural science and innovation.
A) Anand Kumar
B) Arunachalam Muruganantham
C) Ratan Tata
D) Devi Shetty
Correct Answer: B) Arunachalam Muruganantham
Explanation: Arunachalam Muruganantham, also known as India’s ‘Padman,’ revolutionized menstrual health for rural women by creating low-cost sanitary napkins. His work has not only improved hygiene but also increased awareness about menstrual health in rural areas.
A) Janaki Ammal
B) Asima Chatterjee
C) Kamala Sohonie
D) Sunanda Bhat
Correct Answer: A) Janaki Ammal
Explanation: E.K. Janaki Ammal was the first Indian woman to earn a PhD in Botany. She was a pioneering botanist known for her work on plant breeding, cytogenetics, and phytogeography.
A) Dhyan Chand
B) Usha Nangiar
C) Shiva N’Zigou
D) Meenakshi Gurukkal
Correct Answer: D) Meenakshi Gurukkal
Explanation: Meenakshi Gurukkal is known for her efforts in reviving the ancient Indian martial art form of Kalaripayattu. She has dedicated her life to teaching and promoting this traditional practice across India and beyond.
A) Medha Patkar
B) Anna Hazare
C) Bindeshwar Pathak
D) Sundarlal Bahuguna
Correct Answer: C) Bindeshwar Pathak
Explanation: Bindeshwar Pathak founded the Sulabh International Social Service Organization, known for developing eco-friendly and low-cost sanitation facilities in India. His work has significantly impacted public health and hygiene practices in the country.
A) Mira Erda
B) Gul Panag
C) Sneha Sharma
D) Sarah Abrahim
Correct Answer: C) Sneha Sharma
Explanation: Sneha Sharma, known as the “Fastest Indian Woman on the Track,” is a pilot by profession and a Formula One racer by passion. She has competed in various national and international racing events, breaking stereotypes in a male-dominated sport.
A) Subhash Mukhopadhyay
B) A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
C) Har Gobind Khorana
D) Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
Correct Answer: A) Subhash Mukhopadhyay
Explanation: Dr. Subhash Mukhopadhyay created India’s first and the world’s second test tube baby in 1978. His pioneering work in the field of reproductive biology, however, was initially unrecognized by the Indian medical fraternity.
A) B.V. Doshi
B) Charles Correa
C) Raj Rewal
D) Fariborz Sahba
Correct Answer: D) Fariborz Sahba
Explanation: Fariborz Sahba is an Iranian-Indian architect who designed the Lotus Temple, also known as the Bahá’í House of Worship, in Delhi. The temple is famous for its flowerlike shape and has won numerous architectural awards.
A) Vandana Shiva
B) Sunita Narain
C) Medha Patkar
D) Belinda Wright
Correct Answer: D) Belinda Wright
Explanation: Belinda Wright is a wildlife photographer and conservationist in India, known for her dedication to protecting India’s wildlife and forests. She founded the Wildlife Protection Society of India (WPSI), focusing on combating poaching and the illegal wildlife trade.
A) Jayaprakash Narayan
B) Vinoba Bhave
C) Verghese Kurien
D) Baba Amte
Correct Answer: B) Vinoba Bhave
Explanation: Vinoba Bhave was the first Indian recipient of the Ramon Magsaysay Award in 1958 for Public Service. He was recognized for his humanitarian work and leadership in the Bhoodan Movement, which involved the peaceful redistribution of land to the landless.
A) Vikram Akula
B) Anshu Gupta
C) Sanjit ‘Bunker’ Roy
D) Harish Hande
Correct Answer: C) Sanjit ‘Bunker’ Roy
Explanation: Sanjit ‘Bunker’ Roy founded the Barefoot College in Rajasthan, an organization that supports rural development by empowering communities. It focuses on training individuals, particularly women, in skills such as solar engineering and water testing, to help their communities become sustainable.
A) Homai Vyarawalla
B) Anjali Gupta
C) Neena Gopal
D) Barkha Dutt
Correct Answer: A) Homai Vyarawalla
Explanation: Homai Vyarawalla, often called “Dalda 13,” was India’s first female photojournalist. Her photographs chronicled the last days of the British Empire in India and the early years of the new nation.
A) V.G. Siddhartha
B) Rahul Singh
C) Riyaaz Amlani
D) Jay Singh
Correct Answer: A) V.G. Siddhartha
Explanation: V.G. Siddhartha was the founder of Cafe Coffee Day, one of India’s largest and most popular coffee chains. His vision brought the cafe culture to a nascent coffee market in India during the late 1990s.
A) N.R. Madhava Menon
B) Soli Sorabjee
C) Fali S. Nariman
D) Ram Jethmalani
Correct Answer: A) N.R. Madhava Menon
Explanation: Dr. N.R. Madhava Menon is renowned for revolutionizing legal education in India by establishing the National Law School of India University in Bangalore. His innovative approach introduced the five-year integrated LLB program, setting a new standard for legal education in India.
A) Aishwarya Rai
B) Sushmita Sen
C) Lara Dutta
D) Diana Hayden
Correct Answer: B) Sushmita Sen
Explanation: Sushmita Sen was the first Indian woman to win the Miss Universe title in 1994. Her victory was not just a personal achievement but also a moment of national pride, inspiring many young women in India.
A) Anna Hazare
B) Medha Patkar
C) Kailash Satyarthi
D) Aruna Roy
Correct Answer: D) Aruna Roy
Explanation: Aruna Roy is a prominent social activist known for her efforts in the enactment and implementation of the Right to Information Act, which has been instrumental in promoting transparency and accountability in public offices.
A) P.C. Mahalanobis
B) C.R. Rao
C) Srinivasa Ramanujan
D) Harish-Chandra
Correct Answer: A) P.C. Mahalanobis
Explanation: P.C. Mahalanobis was an Indian statistician and economist known for his formulation of the “Bombay Plan,” which outlined a strategy for economic development in India post-independence. He is also celebrated for establishing the Indian Statistical Institute.
A) Durga Banerjee
B) Prem Mathur
C) Sarla Thakral
D) Harita Kaur Deol
Correct Answer: C) Sarla Thakral
Explanation: Sarla Thakral was the first Indian woman to earn an aviation pilot license in 1936, at the age of 21. Her pioneering spirit opened up opportunities for women in the field of aviation.
A) Medha Patkar
B) Sunderlal Bahuguna
C) Vandana Shiva
D) Maneka Gandhi
Correct Answer: B) Sunderlal Bahuguna
Explanation: Sunderlal Bahuguna was a noted environmentalist and a prominent leader of the Chipko movement, which advocated the protection of forest resources in India. His efforts were crucial in raising awareness about the importance of trees and the environment.
A) Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore
B) Abhinav Bindra
C) Karnam Malleswari
D) Vijay Kumar
Correct Answer: B) Abhinav Bindra
Explanation: Abhinav Bindra won the gold medal in the 10m Air Rifle event at the 2008 Beijing Olympics, making him the first Indian to win an individual Olympic gold medal. His achievement marked a historic moment for Indian sports.
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